Tibetan - Word List

阿巴 (n.)

Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 母亲
Meaning in English: mom
Example: “阿巴（母亲）。”仁赤纳姆“唉！”应了一声，从梦里起身。
Reference: 164, "Juexing 觉醒", Kangba wenxue Diqing juan 康巴文学迪庆卷 , Nanzeren南泽仁

阿巴 (n.)

Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 大哥哥大姐姐
Meaning in English: "big brother and big sister". It refers to people of the same generation that are older than you
Example: 父亲叫“阿觉”，姐姐、哥哥们只要比自己岁数大，又不能称为叔叔阿姨的，都可以唤作“阿巴”，叔叔叫“阿木”，阿姨叫“阿松”，阿婆叫“阿斯”，吃叫“巧”……
Reference: 33, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

阿巴嘎布 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྔགས་པ་དཀར་པོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 居家密宗师
Meaning in English: Tantric master that works at home
Reference: 3, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

阿布 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་བུ་
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 小伙子
Meaning in English: young man
Example: 女人们躲在水里大声地喊叫着：“阿布，走开啊！”
Reference: 104, "Xinling daoda de difang心灵到达的地方", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yayi亚依

阿布 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ཁུ།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 叔叔
Meaning in English: uncle
Example: 刀把子吴还有一个名字叫阿布（叔叔的意思），也算是他帮村人杀猪，全村上下对他的尊称。
Reference: 162, "Yueliangcun de jiyi月亮村的记忆", Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan 康巴文学甘孜卷, Yongcuo 雍措

阿德 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་བདེ་
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 奶奶
Meaning in English: grandmother
Example: 梅朵陪伴阿德（奶奶）留在新庙宇转经，时间未定，或许一日或许数日。
Reference: 168, “Shuli suchen 疏离俗尘”, Kangba wenxue Diqing juan 康巴文学迪庆卷, Nanzeren南泽仁

阿阇黎 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ཙ་ར།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 导师，上师，大宗教师或大戒师
Meaning in English: a preceptor or instructor in religious matters
Example: 据存藏桑耶寺书库里的古老经书所载，一个多年前乌仗那的阿阇黎·伯玛炯勒莲花生大师就在哲拉山顶上携带他的两个仙女化身的妻子驾着喷吐五色火焰的飞车离开西藏驶向了南方，神奇的火焰在平原中央喷出一个大圆坑，日后便形成了一座碧蓝的湖。
Reference: 195，Tibet: the Mysterious Years 西藏—隐秘岁月, Selected Stories by Tashi Dawa: English-Chinese 扎西达娃小说选：英汉对照., Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

阿多 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 大哥
Meaning in English: "big brotherr", a way to address male of the same generation that are older than you
Reference: 237, "Na yi nian, Xianggelila那一年，香格里拉", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Zhanghong 张鸿 The author's ethnicity cannot be determined

阿多 (n/a)

Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 啊, 看
Meaning in English: Oh, look
Example: “阿多（啊，看），某某，别装出无辜的样子，给我倒一碗酒来。”
Reference: 250, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

阿嘎 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨར་ཀ
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 一种粘土, 做屋顶用
Meaning in English: clay used to build roof
Reference: 43, "Gubao shang de fengyan 古堡上的烽烟", Liu Ke刘克, Qingmeizhuoma青梅卓玛

阿嘎 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 孩子, 娃娃
Meaning in English: child
Example: “阿嘎（孩子，娃娃），把清鼻涕揩干净。”
Reference: 150, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

阿嘎（地） (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨར་ཀ
Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 用粘性极强的白土夯成的地面
Meaning in English: ground made of clay
Example: 顿巴不慌不忙地整理好铺在身前的经卷，收好搭在墙上的袈裟，纵身跳到楼顶的阿嘎地（用粘性极强的白土夯成的地面）上。
Reference: 103, "Xuebeng雪崩", Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan 康巴文学甘孜卷, Waxi洼西

阿佳 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ཅག
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 大姐
Meaning in English: elder sister
Reference: 100, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

阿佳 (n.)

Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 奶奶, 表示亲切
Meaning in English: grandma
Example: 待我们走近了，好多人一看到爷爷和奶奶就大声地打着招呼： “阿佳②西姆，好久没见。”②阿佳：藏语，奶奶的意思，表示亲切。
Reference: 45, 57, "Jiuyan tianzhu 九眼天珠", Kangba wenxue Diqing juan 康巴文学迪庆卷, Yongjizhuoma永基卓玛, 41

阿佳啦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ཅག་ལགས།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 拉萨藏语, 姐姐
Meaning in English: Sister in Lhasa dialect
Example: 在熙熙攘攘的人群中，等待一个带着金耳坠或者银手镯的阿佳啦的出现。
Reference: 521, "Yilu yangguang 一路阳光", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Laxianjia 拉先加 (author) and Long Renqing龙仁青 (translator)

阿觉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་འབྱོར།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese:朝圣者
Meaning in English: pilgrim
Example: “鲁尼先生，你的助手快要跑到阿觉（朝圣者）那里了。”
Reference: 118, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

阿觉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ཇོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 哥哥
Meaning in English: elder brother
Example: 流水奔向远方，回首告别小桥，若是脾气不好，还能当好阿觉（哥哥）？！
Reference: 39, "San zimei 三姊妹" , Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, lhag pa phun tshogs拉巴平措 (author) and Zhaoqun Li李朝群 (translator)

阿觉 (n.)

Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 父亲
Meaning in English: dad
Example: 父亲叫“阿觉”，姐姐、哥哥们只要比自己岁数大，又不能称为叔叔阿姨的，都可以唤作“阿巴”，叔叔叫“阿木”，阿姨叫“阿松”，阿婆叫“阿斯”，吃叫“巧”……
Reference: 33, 260, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

阿就 (n.)

Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 蒲公英
Meaning in English: dandelion
Example: 他们歌唱，嬉戏，然后剜一簇又一簇鲜艳的鲜花，这一丛叫香阿拉东，那一丛叫扎果梅朵，还有拉玛日角，尖玛梅朵，角玛卡罗，还有尼鲁，阿伊鲁，还有那一团团毛茸茸、轻绵绵、一吹就散的阿就，被风飘起，飘向遥遥无垠的山峦……
Reference: 228, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

阿菊娃 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྣལ་འབྱོར་བ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 朝圣者
Meaning in English: pilgrim
Example: 十六个朝圣的阿菊娃中有八个是女的。
Reference: 136, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

阿喀 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ཁུ།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 叔叔
Meaning in English: uncle
Reference: 89, "Sanjuhua de yongchu 三句话的用处", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

阿喀肉肉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ཁུ
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 蛇叔叔
Meaning in English: Uncle Snake
Reference: 69, "She de qizi 蛇的妻子", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

阿罗 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་རོགས།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 打招呼的方式
Meaning in English: an expression of greeting to a friend
Example: “阿罗，叫什么名字？”
“我叫甲甲。”甲甲端着空盘子说。
Reference: 177, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

阿妈啦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་མ་ལགས།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 对年纪较大的妇女的尊称
Meaning in English: aunty
Reference: 34, "Bashar 巴莎", Qingmeizhuoma 青梅卓玛, Liu Ke刘克

阿吗嘛呢 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བླ་མ་མ་ཎི།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 西藏的一种民间说唱形式。
Meaning in English: A form of art in Tibetan that combines singing and speaking
Example: 怀着大慈大悲的菩提心，朝纳迪走去，边走边用“阿吗嘛呢”的调式唱道…… Footnote 阿吗嘛呢：西藏的一种民间说唱形式。
Reference: 278, Fury of the Shambhala 骚动的香巴拉, Tashi Dawa扎西达娃

阿咩若 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་མའི་རོ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 母亲的死尸, 是咒骂女人的话。
Meaning in English: Mother's body, an expression used to insult a woman
Example: 士兵掉头一看，发现是个老太婆，气急败坏地咒骂说：“呸！阿咩若！老子刚开始就碰上你这个碍事的莫尔朵，快滚开！”
Reference: 100, "Manman zhuanjing lu漫漫转经路", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Dejicuomu德吉措姆

阿木 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ཁུ།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 叔叔
Meaning in English: uncle
Example: 父亲叫“阿觉”，姐姐、哥哥们只要比自己岁数大，又不能称为叔叔阿姨的，都可以唤作“阿巴”，叔叔叫“阿木”，阿姨叫“阿松”，阿婆叫“阿斯”，吃叫“巧”……
Reference: 33, 215, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

阿妮 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ནེ།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 阿姨
Meaning in English: aunt
Example: 当尕金的一声呀表示承认了姑娘的合法进入后，姑娘从怀里捧出一只绣了一半的香包，羞涩地说：“阿依（奶奶）阿多，阿妮（阿姨）尕金，我的这只香包总是绣不好，您能教教我吗？”
Reference: 286, 263, 287, 295, 322, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

阿妮啦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ནེ་ལགས།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 阿姨
Meaning in English: aunt
Example: “阿妮啦（阿姨意），您的儿子病好了么？”
Reference: 135, 136, 139, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

阿尼 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་མྱེ།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 老人、阿爷
Meaning in English: grandpa
Example: 布教却哈哈一笑：“阿尼（老人、阿爷之意），不用害怕，他们见你的装束稀奇呢。”
Reference: 264, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

阿尼洞 (n.)

Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 老熊
Meaning in English: old bear
Reference: 193, "Xiaoshi de muwan chang消失的木碗厂", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Yangjin Lamu 央今拉姆

阿尼啦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ནེ་ལགས་
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 尼姑
Meaning in English: nun
Example: 她给了我一个失望的回应：“我这不行，你们问一问阿尼啦（尼姑），我们这还居住着很多阿尼啦。”
Reference: 103, "Xinling daoda de difang心灵到达的地方", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yayi亚依

阿年 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་གཉེན།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 防雪、防雹的喇嘛
Meaning in English: Lama that guards against snow and hailstone
Example: 如果能请到墨尔多神山下的阿年（防雪、防雹的喇嘛）就好了。
Reference: 162, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

阿普 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་སྤོ།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 爷爷
Meaning in English: grandpa
Example: 望断“瓦板棚”的山头那是阿普（爷爷）念家的理由。
Reference: 162, "Xiangnian shi yi duo yun 想念是一朵云", Kangba wenxue Diqing juan 康巴文学迪庆卷, Nanzeren 南泽仁

阿曲 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་མཆོད།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 居家经师
Meaning in English: Tantric practitioner that works at home
Reference: 259, "You san zhi yanjing de cunzhuang有三只眼睛的村庄", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

阿绕 (adv.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་རོགས།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 喂
Meaning in English: Hello
Reference: 153, "Hairen de ren zhong haiji害人的人终害己", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

阿斯 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་སྲུ།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 阿婆
Meaning in English: grandma
Example: 父亲叫“阿觉”，姐姐、哥哥们只要比自己岁数大，又不能称为叔叔阿姨的，都可以唤作“阿巴”，叔叔叫“阿木”，阿姨叫“阿松”，阿婆叫“阿斯”，吃叫“巧”……
Reference: 33, 277, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

阿斯 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་སྲུ།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 婆婆
Meaning in English: grandma
Example: 什么？谁在唤我？这叫声多么熟悉啊！是叫“梅朵”还是叫“阿斯（婆婆之意）”呢？
Reference: 6, "Guzhai古宅" , Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan康巴文学甘孜卷, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

阿松 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་སྲུ།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 大婶
Meaning in English: aunty
Example: 卓嘎走到自家院门口时，一个小女孩叫住了她：阿松（大婶）卓嘎， 白塔草甸那边有人找你。
Reference: 105, "Xuebeng雪崩", Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan 康巴文学甘孜卷, Waxi洼西

阿松 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་སྲུ།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 阿姨、阿婆
Meaning in English: aunt
Example: 父亲叫“阿觉”，姐姐、哥哥们只要比自己岁数大，又不能称为叔叔阿姨的，都可以唤作“阿巴”，叔叔叫“阿木”，阿姨叫“阿松”，阿婆叫“阿斯”，吃叫“巧”……
Reference: 33, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

阿吾 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ཕོ།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 大哥
Meaning in English: elder brother
Example: ；朴实耿直的怒家人的鲜花节，忠厚坦诚的藏族阿吾②的酥油茶，怒家别具风味的“斜拉”和脆甜可口的“石板粑粑”，还有芳香扑鼻的“咕嘟酒”，早在清初就被列为贡品的蜂蜡，被清代余庆远称为“外地人不远千里购之”的怒家手工艺品，都曾招来山外人的青睐。然而，您却久违于大千世界。② 阿吾：藏语，大哥。
Reference: 92, Shenmi de Naqialuo (waisanpian) 神秘的那恰罗（外三篇）, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue zuopin xuanji Pumizu juan 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 普米族卷, Yin Shanlong 尹善龙

阿西 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ཅེ།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 藏族人对康巴女子的称谓
Meaning in English: the way that Tibetan people adress a woman from Kangba
Reference: 172, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

阿西哈达 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁ་བཏགས་ཨ་ཤེ།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 为一种质地名贵的哈达。
Meaning in English: a type of precious hada
Example: 一條純白的阿西哈達輕盈盈掛在了次仁吉姆的脖子上。
Reference: 120, “Xizang, yinmi suiyue西藏, 隐秘岁月“, Xizang, yinmi suiyue西藏, 隐秘岁月, Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

阿香鲁玉吉波 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ཞང་ཀླུ་ཡུལ་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 女龙王
Meaning in English: female naga king
Example: 小孩回答说：“阿香鲁玉吉波，你用箭射死她。”
Reference: 424, Tangjiu Gabu dangshang le jibo汤久嘎布当上了吉波, Luobazu Menbazu minjian gushi xuan珞巴族门巴族民间故事选.

阿呀 (adv.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འོ་ཡ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 是
Meaning in English: yes
Example: “阿呀（是）!”男孩应了声，转身就准备跑。
Reference: 35, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

阿伊鲁 (n.)

Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 一种花
Meaning in English: a kind of flower
Example: 他们歌唱，嬉戏，然后剜一簇又一簇鲜艳的鲜花，这一丛叫香阿拉东，那一丛叫扎果梅朵，还有拉玛日角，尖玛梅朵，角玛卡罗，还有尼鲁，阿伊鲁，还有那一团团毛茸茸、轻绵绵、一吹就散的阿就，被风飘起，飘向遥遥无垠的山峦……
Reference: 228, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

阿依 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ཅེ།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 大姐
Meaning in English: older female of the same generation as you
Example: 他对卓嘎说：阿依（大姐），别来无恙啊？
Reference: 106, "Xuebeng雪崩", Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan 康巴文学甘孜卷, Waxi洼西

阿依 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ཡས། or ཨ་ཕྱི།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 奶奶
Meaning in English: grandma
Example: 当尕金的一声呀表示承认了姑娘的合法进入后，姑娘从怀里捧出一只绣了一半的香包，羞涩地说：“阿依（奶奶）阿多，阿妮（阿姨）尕金，我的这只香包总是绣不好，您能教教我吗？”
Reference: 286, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

阿则 (n.)

Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 大哥
Meaning in English: older male of the same generation as you
Example: 我听说布根阿则（布根大哥）死后，你们杀掉了沙雅全家。
Reference: 107, "Xuebeng雪崩", Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan 康巴文学甘孜卷, Waxi洼西

阿知然 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 小丑
Meaning in English: clown
Example: “这不是寺院跳神前，出来插科打诨的阿知然（小丑）吗？”
Reference: 148, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

啊绕 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་རོགས།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 乡亲
Meaning in English: fellow villager
Reference: 88, "San ju hua de yongchu三句话的用处", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

啊则啦 (interjection)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་ཙི་ལགས།
Category: colloquialism
Meaning in Chinese: 表示惊呼、欢呼
Meaning in English: wow
Reference: 68, "Yaluzangbujiang pan de yehuo雅鲁藏布江畔的夜火", Qingmeizhuoma 青梅卓玛, Guochaoren郭超人 and 刘汉君Liu Hanjun

安巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྔགས་པ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 佛教信徒的一种降灾的符咒
Meaning in English: a type of invocation that Buddhists use to curse others
Reference: 156, "Hairen de ren zhong haiji害人的人终害己", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

唵吗呢叭吽哄 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨོཾ་མ་ཎི་པདྨེ་ཧཱུྃ
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 六字真言
Meaning in English: the six-syllabled Sanskrit mantra
Example: 现在才看清，红色的心脏上刻着一个雪白的“弓”。站在红石下仰起头是无法看见的。“弓”通常是喇嘛念“唵吗呢叭吽哄”六字真言一百遍时要喊出的一个音节。
Reference: 55，A Soul in Bondage 系在皮绳扣上的魂, Selected Stories by Tashi Dawa: English-Chinese 扎西达娃小说选：英汉对照., Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: པ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 人
Meaning in English: person
Example: “康巴”一词是藏语的汉语译音。关于康巴，国内外学术界有多种解释，但就生长于汉、藏、回多种文化交汇地的我而言，也因我的小说《康巴》的缘故，我更倾向于以下解释：康，藏语的意思是边地，巴，即人意，康巴，意为边地康区境内的藏人。
Reference: 343, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

巴都赤郎 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བར་དོའི་འཕྲང་ལམ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 中阴引渡道
Meaning in English: the way of Antrabhara
Reference: 284, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

巴角 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྤ་ལྕོག
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 一种藏族男性头饰。
Meaning in English: a type of Tibetan male hair decoration
Example: 太太们戴着“巴珠” 头饰，老爷们的头上绾着“巴角”。
Reference: 55, "San zimei 三姊妹" , Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, lhag pa phun tshogs拉巴平措 (author) and Zhaoqun Li李朝群 (translator)

巴珠 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྤ་ཕྲུག
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 一种藏族女性头饰。
Meaning in English: a type of Tibetan woman's hair decoration
Example: 太太们戴着“巴珠” 头饰，老爷们的头上绾着“巴角”。
Reference: 55, "San zimei 三姊妹" , Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, lhag pa phun tshogs拉巴平措 (author) and Zhaoqun Li李朝群 (translator)

芭派 (n.)

Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 用来采松茸的木锄
Meaning in English: wooden hoe used to pick Matsutake
Reference: 257, "You san zhi yanjing de cunzhuang有三只眼睛的村庄", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

白巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྦལ་པ།
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 癞蛤蟆
Meaning in English: toad
Example: 我的女主人叫我“白巴”——癞蛤蟆，或者叫“热玛”——羊粪球。
Reference: 17, "Qigai乞丐", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, ye shes bstan 'dzin 益希单增

白格 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དཔའ་རྒོད།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 从古至今都出英雄男儿
Meaning in English: Many heros were born in this place since ancient times
Example: 在故乡口头传承的山水颂词里说，白格意为从古至今都出英雄男儿。
Reference: 7, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

白拉甲波 (n.)

Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 白狼王
Meaning in English: White Wolf King
Example: 《后汉书》记有白狼王（白拉甲波）三首诗，其中一首歌词曰：远夷所处，日入之部。慕义向化，归日出主。
Reference: 103, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

白玛迥乃 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: པད་མ་འབྱུང་གནས།
Category: name
Meaning in Chinese: 莲花生
Meaning in English: Padmasambhava
Example: 供奉的主要神灵是白玛迥乃，也即莲花生。
Reference: 18, "Tanfang Simucun Monv wenhua探访斯木村“魔女”文化", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Lv Shaoyi吕昭义 & Hong Mei红梅

白玛久尼 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: པདྨ་འབྱུང་གནས།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 莲花生大士
Meaning in English: Padmasambhava
Example: 白玛久尼：莲花生大土。
Reference: 227, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

白玛拉措 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: པདྨ་ལྷ་མཚོ།
Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 莲花湖
Meaning in English: Lotus Lake
Reference: 187, "Baimalacuo, zhuangman aiqing de hushui白玛拉措，装满爱情的湖水", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Yangjin Lamu 央今拉姆

白玛珠普 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: པདྨ་སྒྲུབ་ཕུག
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 莲花生大师修行洞
Meaning in English: the cave where Padmasambhava conducts spiritual practices
Reference: 284, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

白茫 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: པདྨ།
Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 莲花湖
Meaning in English: Lotus Lake
Reference: 234, "Na yi nian, Xianggelila那一年，香格里拉", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Zhanghong 张鸿 The author's ethnicity cannot be determined

白姆措 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: པདྨ་མཚོ།
Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 莲花湖
Meaning in English: Lotus Lake
Example: 夏季牧场在洛绒高山，山顶草滩上有两汪碧泽的高山内陆湖，依傍在山脚下的那片浩渺美丽的圣湖就是白姆措——莲花湖。
Reference: 135, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

白什姑鲁 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བཛྲ་གུ་རུ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 一种咒语
Meaning in English: a kind of spell
Example: 你们希望我经常保护，就要天天早起来，对太阳念“白什姑鲁”真言，晚上睡觉也要念。
Reference: 406, Houzi bianren猴子变人, Luobazu Menbazu minjian gushi xuan珞巴族门巴族民间故事选.

白隅吉姆郡 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྦས་ཡུལ་མཛེས་མ་མཆོག།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 美丽的处女地
Meaning in English: beautiful virgin land
Example: 门隅地区即达旺地区，在历史上是与外界隔绝的一块隐匿地，全名叫“白隅吉姆郡”（意为美丽的处女地）。
Reference: 3, "Wode jiaxiang - Menyu我的家乡——门隅", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yixi Chilie益西赤烈

班戛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྤུན་དགའ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 亲随
Meaning in English: attendant
Example: 她家是家境比较殷实的小头人，父亲是土司身边的“班戛”（亲随），地位比一般小头人高，“班戛”一般是由对土司有功又干练的小头人充当
Reference: 187, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

邦典 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: པང་ལྡན།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 邦典：藏族妇女民族服装上的一种彩色围腰。
Meaning in English: colorful loincloth that Tibetan women wear
Example: 小时候，嫫啦怕我走丢了，老让我抓着她的“邦典”走。
Reference: 97, "Manman zhuanjing lu漫漫转经路", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Dejicuomu德吉措姆

邦堆 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འབྲོམ་སྟོད་
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 埋有邦堆喇嘛头骨的地方
Meaning in English: a place burying 邦堆 Lama's skull
Example: 来人是个木匠，叫次多吉，住在廓康山背后走上半天路的邦堆庄园里。
Reference: 155，Tibet: the Mysterious Years 西藏—隐秘岁月, Selected Stories by Tashi Dawa: English-Chinese 扎西达娃小说选：英汉对照., Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

帮锅 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྤྲང་པོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 乞丐
Meaning in English: beggar
Example: 我是‘帮锅’——乞丐，可是身上没有虱子，不会咬着你的。
Reference: 18, "Qigai乞丐", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, ye shes bstan 'dzin 益希单增

帮姆 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྤྲང་མོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 乞丐
Meaning in English: beggar
Example: 帮姆（乞丐）虱子翻了山，还在额头上，今天你逃不出我的手心。
Reference: 41, "San zimei 三姊妹" , Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, lhag pa phun tshogs拉巴平措 (author) and Zhaoqun Li李朝群 (translator)

帮乌麦朵 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དཔའ་བོའི་མེ་ཏོག
Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 英雄花
Meaning in English: Hero Flower
Example: 我急忙问导游，这叫什么花？“帮乌麦朵。”他说。呵，多好的名字！帮乌麦朵不就是英雄花的意思吗？
Reference: 553, "Bangwumaiduo帮乌麦朵", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Zewang 泽旺

包金呷乌 (n.)

Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 护身符
Meaning in English: amulet
Example: 屋里除了二十七年前死去的情人送他的包金呷乌（护身符）挂在柱头上剧烈地抖动外，一切依旧。
Reference: 1, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

贝单 (n.)

Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 水壶
Meaning in English: water jug
Example: 贝单——水壶，贬人家矮、圆胖之意；
Reference: 34, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

本巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བུམ་པ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 瓶子
Meaning in English: vase
Example: 几天后，大衮巴寺的大活佛被请来，一只本巴瓶里装着三个糌粑团，三个糌粑团里分别有三张纸条，那上面写着阿莽、才仁和噶丹的名字。
Reference: 216, 217, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

本波啦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དཔོན་པོ་ལགས།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 当官的
Meaning in English: Sir (used to call officers or government officials)
Reference: 38, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

本布拉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དཔོན་པོ་ལགས།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 长官、官长
Meaning in English: Sir (used to call officers or government officials)
Example: 本布拉辛苦了！我代表旺扎宗本前来欢迎贵军。
Reference: 4, "Jixiang de caihong 吉祥的彩虹", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册 ,'jam dpal rgya mtsho 降边嘉措

本老 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མར་ལོ།
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 鸡蛋大小的酥油
Meaning in English: a chunk of ghee as big as an egg
Example: 这时，我们每个小孩也能得到鸡蛋大小的酥油，村人称为“本老”，对我们而言，那天像过节一样幸福呢。
Reference: 173, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

本青 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 通讯倌
Meaning in English: correspondent
Example: 父亲选中的这个“本青”（通讯倌）是很不错的，郎吉对他们也如兄弟一样，有空就带他们玩，小兄弟俩真为郎吉加入他们的家庭而感到高兴，他们亲切地喊他“本青坚赞”。
Reference: 156, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

苯波扎（苯布热） (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བོན་པོ་བྲག
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 苯教的神山或山神
Meaning in English: holy mountain or mountain god in Bon Religion
Reference: 279, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

崩科 (n.)

Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 甘孜州藏区独特的民居建筑, 圆木对劈、圆面向外横着装砌涂赭红色的井干式建筑。
Meaning in English: an architectureal style commonly seen in Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Example: 东面是一个圆木构建的赭红色“崩科”①式建筑，这是多吉旺登这年增建的。①甘孜州藏区独特的民居建筑，是一种圆木对劈、圆面向外横着装砌涂赭红色的井干式建筑。
Reference: 4, 334, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

崩那 (n.)

Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 一丘地
Meaning in English: a hillock/ a measurement unit
Reference: 49, "Geyao zhong de Xianggelila qingke wenhua歌谣中的香格里拉青稞文化", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Bai Yuxian白玉先

比嘎 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བེའུ།
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 小牛
Meaning in English: calf
Example: 他一边敷药，一边回味着他和这头牛——“其米比嘎”中“其米”指长寿，而“比嘎”就是指这瘦骨嶙峋的小牛。“其米”是活佛对他的祝福，而“比嘎”是村里人对他和这头牛的“厚爱”。
Reference: 515, "Qimibiga其米比嘎", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Luosang Zhuoma洛桑卓玛

毕拉姆 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བེའུ་ར
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 关小牛的地方
Meaning in English: place where the calf is kept
Reference: 48, "Geyao zhong de Xianggelila qingke wenhua歌谣中的香格里拉青稞文化", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Bai Yuxian白玉先

边巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྤེན་པ།
Category: time
Meaning in Chinese: 星期六
Meaning in English: Saturday
Example: 据说表哥是秋收前后生的，俗名边巴，可能是星期六生的，因为边巴在藏语里是“星期六”的意思。当他入寺学佛时，取法名——贡觉曲杰桑布，意思是佛祖传法的善智。
Reference: 605, "wo de gaoseng biaoge我的高僧表哥", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, bstan 'dzin丹增

遍德日 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བན་དེ་རི།
Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 圣僧山
Meaning in English: Holy Monk Mountain
Reference: 281, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

波巴吉波 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྤོ་པ་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 波密土王
Meaning in English: the King of Spo
Example: 因此，便邀请贡什亚丁、甲纳吉波、波巴吉波、甲嘎吉波，让女儿挑选。
Reference: 436, San jiemei ze fuxu三姐妹择夫婿, Luobazu Menbazu minjian gushi xuan珞巴族门巴族民间故事选.

波啦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྤོ་བོ་ལགས།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 老大爷
Meaning in English: grandpa (unrelated)
Reference: 100, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

波主岗 (n.)

Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 凸山上
Meaning in English: on a "protruding hill"
Reference: 48, "Geyao zhong de Xianggelila qingke wenhua歌谣中的香格里拉青稞文化", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Bai Yuxian白玉先

伯玛炯勒 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: པདྨ་འབྱུང་གནས།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 莲花生
Meaning in English: Padmasambhava, Guru Rinpoche
Example: 据存藏桑耶寺书库里的古老经书所载，一个多年前乌仗那的阿阇黎·伯玛炯勒莲花生大师就在哲拉山顶上携带他的两个仙女化身的妻子驾着喷吐五色火焰的飞车离开西藏驶向了南方，神奇的火焰在平原中央喷出一个大圆坑，日后便形成了一座碧蓝的湖。
Reference: 195，Tibet: the Mysterious Years 西藏—隐秘岁月, Selected Stories by Tashi Dawa: English-Chinese 扎西达娃小说选：英汉对照., Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

博巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བོད་པ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 藏族人民
Meaning in English: people of Tibetan ethnicity
Reference: 105, "Yi zhi jiang 一只脚", Qingmeizhuoma 青梅卓玛, Ma Zhongqing 祃忠庆 The author's ethnicity cannot be determined.

布 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བུ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 男儿
Meaning in English: man
Reference: 5, "Yingrao xinling de gesheng萦绕心灵的歌声", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Sina Nongbu斯那农布

布阿拉拉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འབུ་ཨ་ར་ར།
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 蜗牛
Meaning in English: snail
Example: 这时，雪玛忽然从幻境中醒来，因为她看见了一只蜗牛正在探头探脑地钻出自己的小巢，于是她伸出双臂，模仿蜗牛的两只触角，轻轻地唱了起来：
布阿拉拉——
当切呵拉角斯勒勒
当不切呵哇斗那拉拉
（蜗牛呵——
喜欢我就让触角亮闪闪
不喜欢我就让触角毛茸茸）
Reference: 247-248, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

布阿拉拉——
当切呵拉角斯勒勒
当不切呵哇斗那拉拉 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འབུ་ཨ་ར་ར།
Category: sentence
Meaning in Chinese: 蜗牛呵——
喜欢我就让触角亮闪闪
不喜欢我就让触角毛茸茸
Example: 这时，雪玛忽然从幻境中醒来，因为她看见了一只蜗牛正在探头探脑地钻出自己的小巢，于是她伸出双臂，模仿蜗牛的两只触角，轻轻地唱了起来：
布阿拉拉——
当切呵拉角斯勒勒
当不切呵哇斗那拉拉
（蜗牛呵——
喜欢我就让触角亮闪闪
不喜欢我就让触角毛茸茸）
Reference: 247-248, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

布超布姆 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྤུན་གྲོགས་སྤུན་མོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 年龄相当的一群人的归类称呼
Meaning in English: peer
Example: 朗忠、呷嘎、格桑泽仁等是“布超布姆”——这是村子里特定的叫法，是年龄相当的一茬人的归类称谓。
Reference: 39, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

布顶 (n.)

Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 山顶的草坪
Meaning in English: lawn on top of the hill
Reference: 279, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

布东 (n.)

Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 空，没有福气的方位
Meaning in English: emptiness, the direction without any fortune
Example: 事先要请喇嘛测算，喇嘛测算出某个方向为“布东”。“布东” 意思是“空”，意味着这个方向是没有福气的。
Reference: 33, "Zoujin Zangnan qunshanxiagu ji Menbazu de wenhua shenchu走进藏南群山峡谷及门巴族的文化深处", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Lv Shaoyi吕昭义 & Hong Mei红梅

布教 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 顽固愚笨的男人
Meaning in English: stubborn and stupid man
Example: 布教，也是绰号，意为顽固、愚笨的男人，也还曾是一位本地疯子的名字，而他的本名洛布泽仁除了他年老的母亲外再也没有人叫了；
Reference: 33, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

布拉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྤོ་ལགས།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 祖父
Meaning in English: grandfather
Example:
立刻边跑边喊：“布啦，等一等！”
“哎，牵狗的布啦！”他左手撩起衣裙在追。
Reference: 318, 《黑虎》, 旦巴亚尔杰, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册

布姆 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བུ་མོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 姑娘
Meaning in English: girl
Example: 一定是贵族人家的布姆（姑娘）吧，长得又这么俊。
Reference: 374, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

布雪 (n.)

Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 装在碗套里的木碗
Meaning in English: wooden bowl in a bowl wrap
Example: 这种餐具叫“贾赤布雪”。“贾赤”是汉式小刀，“布雪”就是装在碗套里的木碗。
Reference: 644, "Xuangua zai jinse mengjing li de tonghua悬挂在金色梦境里的童话", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Zhao Min赵敏

擦擦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཚ་ཚ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 骨灰和糌粑的混合物
Meaning in English: mixture of bone ash and tsampa
Example: 降央每次看见神龛上供奉的历代祖宗的“擦擦”（骨灰和糌粑的混合物）就坚定不移地认为，数百年的世袭统治，尊贵的嘉拉巴德 · 降央家族才是布里科真正德主人。
Reference: 71, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

才日马 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཚེར་མ།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 棘刺
Meaning in English: thorn
Reference: 173, "Lama he Wande喇嘛和完德", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

苍巴 (n.)

Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 通灵者
Meaning in English: psychic
Example: 那些奇异之人被称为“苍巴”，充当俗人与神灵间的媒介。
Reference: 19, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

叉 (n.)

Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 将青稞酒加热后放入酥油和糖的饮品
Meaning in English: beverage, mixture of highland barley wine, ghee and sugar
Example: 绒巴品着一种叫“叉”（将青稞酒加热后放入酥油和糖的饮品）的热酒。
Reference: 54, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

茶毗 (n.)

Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 佛教一种火葬仪式, 一般用于高僧大德。
Meaning in English: jhāpita cremation
Example: 你必将获得与高僧大德同等的茶毗待遇，因为没有你就没有今日的吉思巴俄丹。
Reference: 225, "Fengling · Hui ge · suyoudeng风铃 · 灰鸽 · 酥油灯", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, 扎西东珠 Zhaxi Dongzhu

茶日 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཚ་རུ།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 羊羔皮袍
Meaning in English: robe made of the skin of lamb
Example: 达瓦一头枕在驮鞍上，身子蜷在“茶日”（羊羔皮袍）里睡去。
Reference: 139, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

查都 (n.)

Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 灾害、灾难
Meaning in English: disaster
Reference: 287, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

差巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁྲལ་པ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 藏语音译词, 释义为支差者, 是领种地方政府的差地, 为地方政府和所属农奴主支差的人, 可以简单地理解为农民。
Meaning in English: a lower-class in former Tibetan society and do enforced work for the landlord
Example: 没有几家能让他讨上饭的，都是穷差巴户。
Reference: 19, "Qigai乞丐", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, ye shes bstan 'dzin 益希单增

绰理哲哇 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཆོས་རྗེ་བ་
Category: title
Meaning in Chinese: 意为法主, 是萨迦派人对萨迦·班智达的称呼
Meaning in English: Lord of Dharma, the title of Sa-skya-paN+Di-ta in Sa-skya-pa.
Example: 然后，他把碑文用汉文一字一字念给舅舅听，师所生之地曰突甘斯旦麻，童子出家，事圣师绰理哲哇为弟子，受名胆巴。梵言胆巴，华言微妙。
Reference: 86, Moguquan蘑菇圈, Alai阿来

扯格娃 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 混血儿
Meaning in English: mixed-blood
Example: 这是二十七年前死在他刀下的情敌“扯格娃”（混血儿）杨格桑的声音。
Reference: 2, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

充本 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཚོང་དཔོན།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 商人
Meaning in English: merchant
Example: 在驮脚娃的习惯性的思维中，藏族女人每天所做的就是下地干活放牛放羊侍候男人生儿育女，哪像八面玲珑风情万种的阿佳，跟充本（商人）一样。
Reference: 63, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

楚巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཕྱུ་པ།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 藏袍, 藏家儿女平时穿的简易藏装
Meaning in English: common garment that Tibetan people often wear
Example: 咚那已经追上一个男孩，一口咬在那男孩的楚巴①上，男孩被拖倒了，咚那还不放嘴。①楚巴：藏袍，藏家儿女平时穿的简易藏装。
Reference: 41, 57, "Jiuyan tianzhu 九眼天珠", Kangba wenxue Diqing juan 康巴文学迪庆卷, Yongjizhuoma永基卓玛, 41

此巴美崩曲 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཚེ་དཔག་མེད་བུམ་ཆུ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 无量寿佛的长寿灌顶圣水
Meaning in English: the Abhisheka water of Amitābha
Reference: 285, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

此拉性 (n.)

Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 狗屎地
Meaning in English: "land of dogshit"
Reference: 48, "Geyao zhong de Xianggelila qingke wenhua歌谣中的香格里拉青稞文化", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Bai Yuxian白玉先

次仁卓 (n.)

Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 宝贝、长寿的、亲爱的
Meaning in English: baby (the way to address someone)
Example: 萨都措爱怜地抚摩着妹妹：“妹妹，次仁卓①！你心真好，你这样能忍多久？”①藏族常用语，意为“宝贝”、“长寿的”、“亲爱的”等等。
Reference: 220, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

聪兵 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཚོང་དཔོན།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 老板
Meaning in English: boss
Reference: 257, "You san zhi yanjing de cunzhuang有三只眼睛的村庄", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

措 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཚོ།
Category: institution
Meaning in Chinese: 行政区域
Meaning in English: administrative division
Example: 为了便于统治，在18世纪初，西藏地方政府又将门隅划为32个行政区域，称“措”或“定”，并委任了头人。
Reference: 11, "Wode jiaxiang - Menyu我的家乡——门隅", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yixi Chilie益西赤烈

措 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མཚོ།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 湖
Meaning in English: lake
Example: 她的面孔永远白里泛红，眼睛像清澈而又幽深的水潭。褴褛的衣衫下，她蛇一样的身段款款而动，让人想起深潭里传说的身子柔滑的怪物。就在机村背后半山上松林环绕的巨大台地中，的确有这样一个深潭。那个潭叫做色嫫措。

色嫫是妖精，措是湖。色嫫措就是妖怪湖。
Reference: 148, 130, 152, 241, 249, 253, 257, 265, 267, 285, Kongshan 空山（上）, Alai阿来

措拉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལ།
Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 雀儿山
Meaning in English: Que'er Mountain
Example: 一座名叫“措拉”（雀儿山）的大山更是绵绵百余里，将德格全县分隔为东西两部份。
Reference: 190, "Weiyi Dege唯一德格", Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan 康巴文学甘孜卷, He Xianzao贺先枣 The author's ethnicity cannot be determined.

达达 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མདའ་དར།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 缠绕哈达的木棍
Meaning in English: a stick wrapped by kha-btags
Example: 走在队伍最前面的是捧香和高举幡旗的人，随后是举着缠绕哈达的木棍（称为“达达”）和羊右脚的苯教巫师。
Reference: 35, "Zoujin Zangnan qunshanxiagu ji Menbazu de wenhua shenchu走进藏南群山峡谷及门巴族的文化深处", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Lv Shaoyi吕昭义 & Hong Mei红梅

达达折渚 (n.)

Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 康定
Meaning in English: Kangting
Example: 还说卡称某群匪帮的势力已经到达达折渚（康定）了……
Reference: 83, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

达戈 (n.)

Category: person; name
Meaning in Chinese: 傻瓜
Meaning in English: fool
Example: 色嫫的泪水下来了，呻吟一样哼了一声：「达戈啊！」

达戈就是傻子的意思。她这一叫，这个机灵人确实就有些变傻了。有什么东西把他聪明灵动的脑子给蒙住了。这一来，他的脑子就有些发木，就真是一个傻瓜的脑子了。

她走进这狭小整洁的屋子，芬芳从四面袭来，又叹息了一声：「达戈啊！」热泪便盈盈地浮上了她的眼眶。
Reference: 315, 318-319, Kongshan 空山（上）, Alai阿来

达叫 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མདའ་རྒྱབ།
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 射箭
Meaning in English: archery
Reference: 265, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

达拉拉 (adj.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཏ་ལ་ལ།
Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 具意随上文变化, 用它能把上文形容得更形象
Meaning in English: an ajective without fixed meaning, it can highlight the qualities of the nouns it describe
Reference: 106, "Chapter 8 Dawang chuzheng Jiaoguo shi, wangfei zhijian qi koujiao (Gesa'erwang)（八）大王出征交国事, 王妃之间起口角（格萨尔王）", Zangzu wenxue zuopin xuan 藏族文学作品选 Zangzu wenxue zuopin xuan

达马 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 箭手
Meaning in English: archer
Example: 在家乡，她是有名的达马（箭手）。
Reference: 48, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

达玛（花朵） (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྟག་མ།
Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 杜鹃花
Meaning in English: azalea
Example: 一朵朵雪团像达玛花朵（杜鹃花）一样盛开在神山葱笼的，高高低低的树桠枝上。
Reference: 1, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

达瑟 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མདའ་རྩེ།
Category: daily use; name
Meaning in Chinese: 利箭
Meaning in English: arrow
Example: 你的名字像是箭簇一样还在闪闪发光。那时候，我不知道你名字的意思。现在我知道了，达瑟的意思就是一枝利箭。而你的朋友，那个精干厉害的家伙，我们机村人偏偏把他叫做达戈——也就是傻瓜。
Reference: 292, Kongshan 空山（上）, Alai阿来

达生 (n.)

Category: military and weapon
Meaning in Chinese: 敢死队
Meaning in English: dare-to-die corps
Example: 攀越云梯攻打的起义土兵是两支“达生”（敢死队）队，虽然他们是士兵中精选出来的，勇敢、敏捷、顽强，以一当十，但是进攻的艰难却已经让好几个士兵牺牲或受伤。
Reference: 330, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

达旺 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྟ་དབང་།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 门隅地名
Meaning in English: a place in Menyu
Example: 当嘎拉旺布王执政时，门隅的首府是曼扎岗，乌金桑布曾在此地给门巴族人施授过马头金刚灌顶，“达旺”因此而得名。
Reference: 4, "Wode jiaxiang - Menyu我的家乡——门隅", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yixi Chilie益西赤烈

达旺拉尼 (n.)

Category: institution
Meaning in Chinese: 达旺总管
Meaning in English: Chief Official of Tawang
Example: 达旺总管藏语称“达旺拉尼”，由西藏地方政府委任，并且从门尼玛三部，即东部拉乌部、思如部和塔巴、章朗、绒朗等地征收夏税和冬税（主要是粮食）。
Reference: 6, "Wode jiaxiang - Menyu我的家乡——门隅", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yixi Chilie益西赤烈

达些 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 讨口流浪汉
Meaning in English: vagrant
Example: 从汉地来此被他收留的达些们（讨口流浪汉）的劳动进度令他非常满意。
Reference: 19, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

达折多 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དར་རྩེ་མདོ།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 康定
Meaning in English: Kangting
Example: 等到开春时就可以直接赶往川藏商贸重镇达折多（康定）去换茶叶、布匹、绸缎和日用品之类的其他货物。
Reference: 19, 206, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

达卓 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མདའ་བྲོ།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 射箭锅庄
Meaning in English: archery dance
Reference: 266, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

打玛 (n.)

Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 一母
Meaning in English: a mother
Reference: 52, "Geyao zhong de Xianggelila qingke wenhua歌谣中的香格里拉青稞文化", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Bai Yuxian白玉先

打生 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྟག་ཟས།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 可以吃老虎的兵
Meaning in English: soldier that is bold enough to eat a tiger
Example: “是‘打生’（意为可以吃老虎的兵）的，都给我上。”
Reference: 148, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

打西 (n.)

Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 一子
Meaning in English: a child
Reference: 52, "Geyao zhong de Xianggelila qingke wenhua歌谣中的香格里拉青稞文化", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Bai Yuxian白玉先

大热特 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ད་འདི་རེད།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 这就对了
Meaning in English: There you go
Example: 看见玉龙村和战堆村的代表分别朝他点头后，他将双手用力一拍，一半用藏语一半用汉语大声吼道，‘大热特（这就对了）调解成功，散人，嘎特（慢走）。’
Reference: 51, Shui hun水魂, Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan 康巴文学甘孜卷, Dazhen 达真

单协 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཏམ་བཤད།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 一种民间历史传统讲述形式, 民间口述文学
Meaning in English: oral literature that narrates history
Example: 在德钦澜沧江流域的民间“单协”（一种盛行于民间的历史传统讲述形式，为民间文学之口述文学）中会讲到“帕具冈日噶布”，意即“父系如皑皑雪山般永世长存”。
Reference: 222, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

胆巴 (n./adj.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དམ་པ་
Category: name
Meaning in Chinese: 藏族高僧名
Meaning in English: name of an eminent Tibetan monk
Example: 然后，他把碑文用汉文一字一字念给舅舅听，师所生之地曰突甘斯旦麻，童子出家，事圣师绰理哲哇为弟子，受名胆巴。梵言胆巴，华言微妙。
Reference: 86, Moguquan蘑菇圈, Alai阿来

旦麻 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལྡན་མ་
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 在历史上是指长江上游通天河流域的广大地区
Meaning in English: a large area of Tongtian River in the history
Example: 然后，他把碑文用汉文一字一字念给舅舅听，师所生之地曰突甘斯旦麻，童子出家，事圣师绰理哲哇为弟子，受名胆巴。梵言胆巴，华言微妙。
Reference: 86, Moguquan蘑菇圈, Alai阿来

当布 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཏམ་དཔེ།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 谚语、训导
Meaning in English: proverb
Reference: 258, "You san zhi yanjing de cunzhuang有三只眼睛的村庄", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

当曲卡 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དོང་ཆུ་ཁ།
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 用棒打鱼的水口
Meaning in English: water gap where people fish with sticks
Reference: 262, "Pudacuo qingyuan普达措情缘", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Peng Yuehui 彭跃辉

稻坝 (n.)

Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 山谷口的开阔处
Meaning in English: the open space at the entrance to a valley
Example: 在“山谷口的开阔处”（稻城原名稻坝的藏语释义）的地方，稻城河遵循着我的记忆缓慢流向远方，
Reference: 174, "Zai shijian de huangyuan在时间的荒原", Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan 康巴文学甘孜卷, Zeren Kangzhu泽仁康珠

德格巴宫 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྡེ་དགེ་པར་ཁང་།
Category: institution
Meaning in Chinese: 德格印经院
Meaning in English: Dege Scripture Printing Lamasery
Example: “哦，对了，老爷，你派去德格巴宫（印经院）观摩建筑的黄格根（老师）回来了，现在他就在楼下等着。”
Reference: 4, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

第巴古相 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྡེ་པ་སྐུ་ཞང།
Category: title
Meaning in Chinese: 皇亲贵族
Meaning in English: royal family
Example: 第司·桑杰嘉措曾赐给仓央嘉措的叔叔一个赞颂名，叫“第巴古相”（意为皇亲贵族）。
Reference: 13, "Wode jiaxiang - Menyu我的家乡——门隅", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yixi Chilie益西赤烈

点尕 (n.)

Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 传说中最高的山
Meaning in English: the highest mountain in the legend
Reference: 148, "Nima'aosai he Dawa'aosai 尼玛敖赛和达娃敖赛", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

电召岗 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དེའུ་སྒང་།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 小坝上
Meaning in English: on a small plain/flatland
Reference: 48, "Geyao zhong de Xianggelila qingke wenhua歌谣中的香格里拉青稞文化", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Bai Yuxian白玉先

顶古 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མགོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 大头人
Meaning in English: senior headman
Example: “是顶古（大头人）老爷吩咐我们陪小姐玩，还要保护好你们呢！”其中一个吃蝉肉的男孩说。
Reference: 16, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

定 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལྡིང་།
Category: institution
Meaning in Chinese: 行政区域
Meaning in English: administrative division
Example: 为了便于统治，在18世纪初，西藏地方政府又将门隅划为32个行政区域，称“措”或“定”，并委任了头人。
Reference: 11, "Wode jiaxiang - Menyu我的家乡——门隅", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yixi Chilie益西赤烈

定姆 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བདུད་མོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 魔人
Meaning in English: devil man
Example: “定姆”的“定”是指魔性、邪恶、业障，姆，是指人，连起来就是“魔人”。
Reference: 7, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

东个力个 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དུང་དཀར།
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 白海螺
Meaning in English: white conch
Reference: 65, "Youqingren zhong cheng juanshu 有情人终成眷属", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

东拉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དོམ་ལ།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 中印边境中介山
Meaning in English: a mountain on the China-India border
Example: 解放前，每年七八月娜安达会热闹非凡，这里曾经是邦波和博嘎尔部落，从东拉山那边翻过来，到藏区进行物资交易的地方，这名现依然存在——邦波果日莫过。
Reference: 92, "Na'anda hudiemeng (wai yipian)娜安达，蝴蝶梦（外一篇）", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yayi亚依

东毛措 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དུང་མོ་མཚོ།
Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 海螺湖
Meaning in English: Lake of Conch
Reference: 69, 蛇的妻子, Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

咚那 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དོམ་ནག
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 黑熊
Meaning in English: black bear
Example: 咚那可威风了，全身纯黑色的毛透着亮，就像它的名字一样（在藏语中，咚那是黑熊的意思）。
Reference: 40, "Jiuyan tianzhu 九眼天珠", Kangba wenxue Diqing juan 康巴文学迪庆卷, Yongjizhuoma永基卓玛

栋 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འདོམ།
Category: measurement
Meaning in Chinese: 藏语度量词, 一“栋”等于人体一托长, 又分男托和女托。
Meaning in English: Dong, length unit
Example: “孩子，你要是带着这个姑娘在离我三百个‘栋’之外的地方破过身，再来这里幽会，菩萨也就不会降罪于我了。” Footnote 栋：藏语度量词，一“栋”等于人体一托长，又分男托和女托。
Reference: 288, Fury of the Shambhala 骚动的香巴拉, 扎西达娃

杜牧 (n.)

Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 仙女
Meaning in English: goddess
Example: “啊啧啧，我的天，这不就是我梦里寻找的杜牧（仙女）吗？”
Reference: 28, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

堆 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བདུད།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 魔怪
Meaning in English: devil and monster
Example: 南为赞，西为鲁，北为堆，即魔怪。
Reference: 228, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

堆穷 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དུད་ཆུང་།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 堆穷：藏语, 意为“冒烟的小户”, 是旧西藏农村里的贫穷阶层。
Meaning in English: literal meaning "small smoking family house", one of the classes of serf system
Example: 为躲避市政府的追捕，逃到凯西，向庄园主租了一小块地当了“堆穷”。 Footnote 堆穷：藏语，意为“冒烟的小户”，是旧西藏农村里的贫穷阶层。
Reference: 109, Fury of the Shambhala 骚动的香巴拉, 扎西达娃

堆谐 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྟོད་གཞས།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 原为西藏后藏地区的农村圆舞曲, 后演变为规范化了的节奏较强的踢踏舞。
Meaning in English: A dance form in Tibet
Example: 男女青年們聚集在古老的菩提樹下燒起篝火，重新跳起幾乎被遺忘的堆諧舞蹈。
Reference: 16, “Jiang nabian 江那边”, Xizang, yinmi suiyue西藏, 隐秘岁月, Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

多巴哑佩 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྟོགས་པ་ཡར་འཕེལ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 悟性见长
Meaning in English: power of understanding grows
Reference: 11, Realm 界, Ciren Luobu 次仁罗布

多儿玛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཏོར་མ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 用酥油炒面做成的敬鬼神的祭品
Meaning in English: offering made by roasted barley flour and ghee
Reference: 155, "Hairen de ren zhong haiji害人的人终害己", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

多瓜 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྡོ།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 鹅卵石
Meaning in English: cobblestone
Example: 多瓜——鹅卵石之意，多吉因为顽劣、爱打架而起名；
Reference: 34, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

多吉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྡོ་རྗེ།
Category: religion; name
Meaning in Chinese: 金刚；名字
Meaning in English: 1. vajra. 2. man’s name.
Example: 「我没有来得及看多吉最后一眼……」

「我也没有听到他最后一句话，但我相信他的脸，他去的很是平安吉祥。」

而在格桑旺堆想来，这个名字就叫金刚的人，如果真是一个金刚，那也是个愤怒金刚。他看着他在这个小村庄走过一生，想起他的任何时刻，都联想不出这个人脸上一派平和吉祥是个什么模样。
Reference: 254, Kongshan 空山（上）, Alai阿来

多杰俄 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྡོ་རྗེ་འཛིན།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 藏传佛教僧侣的中级学位
Meaning in English: mid-level diploma of Tibetan Buddhist
Example: 一个月前，折曲寺举行一年一度的“多杰俄”（藏传佛教僧侣的中级学位）背经考试，在寺院几位格西长老面前，顿巴从早晨太阳出山背诵到正午时分，直叫几位格西连连点头。
Reference: 103, "Xuebeng雪崩", Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan 康巴文学甘孜卷, Waxi洼西

多仁巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྡོ་རམས་པ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 藏传佛教僧人的一种学位名
Meaning in English: name of a diploma of Tibetan Buddhist
Reference: 25, Realm 界, Ciren Luobu 次仁罗布

多增 (n.)

Category: military and weapon
Meaning in Chinese: 用石子做的扣子, 用来捕捉野兽。
Meaning in English: animal trap
Reference: 169, "Lang qi狼妻", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

朵康 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མདོ་ཁམས།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 康巴
Meaning in English: Kangba
Example: 他们充满了朵康（康巴）汉子的青春激情、奔放的豪情
Reference: 276, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

朵玛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཏོར་མ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 藏传佛教中, 以糌粑或熟麦粉与酥油作成, 用以供养佛、菩萨、本尊或诸神, 或施食众鬼的一种面塑食品
Meaning in English: offering made by roasted barley flour and ghee
Example: 除了每月十五日祀奉时，密宗寺庙的活佛——法尊大师前来献‘朵玛供’和我到这里‘岗索’以外，其余众生一概不准进来。
Reference: 58, "San zimei 三姊妹" , Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, lhag pa phun tshogs拉巴平措 (author) and Zhaoqun Li李朝群 (translator)

俄冲 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁ་དྲོ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 谢谢
Meaning in English: Thank you
Example: 于是，他们的嘴里流泻出感恩的“俄冲（谢谢之意”）声和“啦嗦啦嗦”听话的声音。
Reference: 9, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

俄多 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འུར་རྡོ།
Category: military and weapon
Meaning in Chinese: 抛石器
Meaning in English: sling
Example: 使事态的进一步扩大是占堆用俄多（抛石器）打伤了放牛娃翁加……
Reference: 49, 72, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

俄尔多 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འུར་རྡོ།
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 牧民用的甩石绳。
Meaning in English: sling that shepherd uses
Example: 偶尔给家里用他品茶饮酒后剩余的零钱买些小而短的“俄尔多”……
Reference: 151, " Xinqu心曲", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Da'erji达尔基

俄尔朵 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འུར་རྡོ།
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 牧民用的甩石绳。
Meaning in English: sling that shepherd uses
Example: 妮妮忽然解开了缠在腰上的“俄尔朵”，使出了野性。
Reference: 99，Plateau Serenade 归途小夜曲, Selected Stories by Tashi Dawa: English-Chinese 扎西达娃小说选：英汉对照., Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

尔郎 (adj.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རོང་།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 深
Meaning in English: deep
Example: 协拉顿珠歌里唱的那个地方叫「觉尔郎」。
「觉」的意思是山沟。「尔郎」两个汉字拼出来一个短促的声音,就是深的意思。
Reference: 35, Kongshan 空山（下）, Alai阿来

尔麦格米 (n/a)

Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 没有名字
Meaning in English: without a name
Example: 已经没有了名字的侍女还在用蚊子一样的声音说：“请主子赐给我一个名字。”
塔娜把她一张灿烂的笑脸转向了麦其土司：“父亲，”她第一次对我父亲说话，并确认了彼此间的关系，“父亲，请赐给我们的奴仆一个名字。”
父亲说：“尔麦格米。”
这个不大像名字的名字就变成了马夫女儿的新名字。意思就是没有名字。大家都笑了。
Reference: 253, Red Poppies 尘埃落定, Alai阿来

呷阿特 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དཀའ་ཨེ་ཐལ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 辛苦了
Meaning in English: greeting to someone who has been through a long journey
Example: 洛扎牵着绒巴德坐骑走在最前面，“呷阿特，呷阿特，盼星星，盼月亮，难得请来的尊贵的主人，今天终于如期而至了，这是拉笼坝大地最幸运的一天，菩萨都打了一整天的哈哈，一路辛苦了，扎西德勒。”
Reference: 44, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

呷特 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དཀའ་ཐལ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 辛苦了
Meaning in English: greeting to someone who has been through a long journey
Example: “呷特，呷特（辛苦了），绒巴先生，此次与你同行，希望能得到你的帮助。”
Reference: 40, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

嘎达麦波 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐེ་དར་དམར་པོ།
Category: military and weapon
Meaning in Chinese: 红色流星箭
Meaning in English: literal meaning: red shooting star arrow
Example: “我看就叫它‘嘎达麦波’，好吗？”嘎达麦波之意就是“红色流星箭”。
Reference: 5, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

嘎啦央西若若...依啦穹巴若若 (n/a)

Category: sentence
Meaning in Chinese: 多么美好啊！
Meaning in English: How glorious!
Example: 「我学得会，我已经学了好多了。」她说这话时，脸上泛出了更明亮的光彩，并且立即就唱了起来：

「毛主席的光辉，嘎啦央西若若，照啊到了雪山上，依啦穹巴若若！」

这歌中的藏语也是远方的藏语，而不是机村的当地方言。
Reference: 318, Kongshan 空山（上）, Alai阿来

嘎勒，嘎勒，雅么松 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ག་ལེ་ག་ལེ་ཡག་མོ་སོང་
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 慢慢，慢走
Meaning in English: literal meaning: walk slowly. Words to say when seeing someone off
Example: 在“嘎勒，嘎勒，雅么松（慢走）”的送客声中，白阿佳同晚秋的风送走了最大一宗交易的藏商。
Reference: 65, 166, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

嘎特 (n/a)

Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 慢走
Meaning in English: Words that express best wishes when seeing someone off
Example: 看见玉龙村和战堆村的代表分别朝他点头后，他将双手用力一拍，一半用藏语一半用汉语大声吼道，‘大热特（这就对了）调解成功，散人，嘎特（慢走）。’
Reference: 51, "Shui hun水魂", Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan 康巴文学甘孜卷, Dazhen 达真

嘎乌 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གའུ།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 金银制的护身佛龛
Meaning in English: amulet
Example: 坚赞不知草坡下有人向自己走来，他一直沉浸在自己的遐思里，手里把玩着佩戴在胸前 的一个镶金玉嵌宝珠的纯金佛龛“嘎乌”
Reference: 45, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

嘎吾 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གའུ།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 金银制的护身佛龛
Meaning in English: amulet
Example: 匀称的脖子上虽然没有项链、“嘎吾”等贵重的装饰物，也象征性地系上了一条绿色的头巾。
Reference: 382, "San dai ren de pulu zangpao 三代人的氆氇藏袍", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Nanse南色 (author) and Long Renqing 龙仁青 (translator)

噶厦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བཀའ་ཤག་
Category: institution
Meaning in Chinese: 清代到新中国初期西藏地方官署名, 即原西藏地方政府。
Meaning in English: the name of former Tibetan government
Reference: 6, Realm 界, Ciren Luobu 次仁罗布

噶乌 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གའུ།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 佛盒，护身盒
Meaning in English: amulet
Example: 这天，男人们要着盛装，佩刀（过去缉枪前还要背上枪），胸前佩“噶乌” (护身盒)。
Reference: 227, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

噶呜 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གའུ།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 佛盒，护身盒
Meaning in English: amulet
Example: 胸挂嵌有珊瑚、松耳石金银质噶呜（佛盒，护身符），盒带上系着彩绫
Reference: 24, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

尕及各里 (n.)

Category: appellation ?
Example: 阿多却不急，他问女儿：“尕及各里呢？”
她说的尕及各里，指她的宝贝小外孙森巴仁庆。
Reference: 54, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

甘丹 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དགའ་ལྡན་
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 兜率天，未来佛弥勒所教化的世界
Meaning in English: Tushita, the fourth of six heavenly realms of Kamadhatu, where Maitreya is teaching bodhisattvas.
Example: 扎妥·桑杰达普有一次跟我说起过这场战争。他说经过数百年的恶战，妖魔被消灭后，甘丹寺里的宗喀巴墓会自动打开，再次传布释迦的教义，将进行一千年。
Reference: 7，A Soul in Bondage 系在皮绳扣上的魂, Selected Stories by Tashi Dawa: English-Chinese 扎西达娃小说选：英汉对照., Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

敢啦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒན་ལགས།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 尊称
Meaning in English: honorific
Example: 两位小姐笑着说：“敢啦（尊称），进来坐一会儿。”
Reference: 356, "Qingchen清晨", Luobu Ciren罗布次仁, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册

干波拉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒན་པོ་ལགས།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 头人
Meaning in English: headman
Reference: 108, "Liulanger Suolang流浪儿索郎", Qingmeizhuoma 青梅卓玛, Guo Chaoren郭超人

告乌 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གའུ།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 一种藏族颈饰, 类似银项链。
Meaning in English: neckwear that resembles silver necklace
Example: 颈饰，藏语叫“告乌”，其实就是一条大银项链，坠子是一个刻丝吉祥图案的圆形或椭圆形盒子。
Reference: 651, "Didiao de shehua: Batang nvshi zangzhuang低调的奢华：巴塘女式藏装", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Luo Ling罗凌

戈麻 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྐུན་མ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 贼
Meaning in English: thief
Example: 骂你“戈麻”——贼，弄脏了她的草。
Reference: 17, "Qigai乞丐", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, ye shes bstan 'dzin 益希单增

格 (n.)

Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 牛奶
Meaning in English: milk
Reference: 265, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

格格拉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དགེ་རྒན་ལགས།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 教师
Meaning in English: teacher
Reference: 113, "Liulanger Suolang流浪儿索郎", Qingmeizhuoma 青梅卓玛, Guo Chaoren郭超人

格根 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དགེ་རྒན།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 老师
Meaning in English: teacher
Example: “哦，对了，老爷，你派去德格巴宫（印经院）观摩建筑的黄格根（老师）回来了，现在他就在楼下等着。”
“哦，掌墨师（建筑师）回来了？”
Reference: 4, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

格啦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒན་ལགས།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 师傅
Meaning in English: the way to address a skilled person or a master
Reference: 144, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

格鲁 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དགེ་ལུགས།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 善规，亦称黄教
Meaning in English: the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism
Example: 刚会走路就会跳一种步法几乎没有规律的舞，她在沙地上踩下的一个个脚印正好成为一幅天空的星宿排列图，米玛同样不知道这是一种在全西藏早已失传的格鲁金刚神舞，她从“一楞金刚”渐渐跳到了“五楞金刚”。
Reference: 169，Tibet: the Mysterious Years 西藏—隐秘岁月, Selected Stories by Tashi Dawa: English-Chinese 扎西达娃小说选：英汉对照., Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

格鲁巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དགེ་ལུགས་པ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 藏传佛教格鲁派
Meaning in English: Gelugpa sect.
Example: 机村没有人不知道，江村贡布喇嘛一贯自诩出身于正宗的格鲁巴教派，从来都把巫师一类人物视为旁门左道，水火不容。
Reference: 253, Kongshan 空山（上）, Alai阿来

格曲达叫 (n.)

Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 鲜奶射箭节
Meaning in English: "Milk Archery Festival"
Reference: 263, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

格西 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དགེ་བཤེས།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 老师
Meaning in English: teacher
Example: 将来要执政的长子在五岁时就要开始请寺里学问高的格西（老师）来上藏语文、文学、天文、历算等课。
Reference: 104, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

根嘿嘿 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཀི་ཧི་ཧི།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 冲啊
Meaning in English: Go!
Example: “根嘿嘿！冲啊！”
Reference: 95, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

根朗玛 (adj.)

Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 开阔
Meaning in English: broad
Example: 地图上标明他们身处的位置叫根朗玛（开阔之意）。
Reference: 151, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

弓 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཧཱུྃ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 喇嘛念六字真言一百遍时要喊出的一个音节
Meaning in English: A syllable pronounced when a Lama incants the six-syllabled Sanskrit mantra 100 times
Example: 现在才看清，红色的心脏上刻着一个雪白的“弓”。站在红石下仰起头是无法看见的。“弓”通常是喇嘛念“唵吗呢叭吽哄”六字真言一百遍时要喊出的一个音节。
Reference: 55，A Soul in Bondage 系在皮绳扣上的魂, Selected Stories by Tashi Dawa: English-Chinese 扎西达娃小说选：英汉对照., Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

贡波吉 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མགན་པོ་སྐྱིད།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 普度众生
Meaning in English: save the masses
Example: “几百头羊任你杀，雪团样的贡波吉不能杀，要让它自己死。”贡波吉是普度众生的意思，这名儿是放羊娃替它取下的。
Reference: 251, "Heihe Yiyu黑河呓语", Suolang Rencheng索朗仁称, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册

贡觉曲杰桑布 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དཀོན་མཆོག་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བཟང་པོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 佛祖传法的善智
Meaning in English: Buddha's intelligence to disseminate the dharma
Example: 据说表哥是秋收前后生的，俗名边巴，可能是星期六生的，因为边巴在藏语里是“星期六”的意思。当他入寺学佛时，取法名——贡觉曲杰桑布，意思是佛祖传法的善智。
Reference: 605, "wo de gaoseng biaoge我的高僧表哥", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, bstan 'dzin丹增

贡曲松却巴帕 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་ལ་མཆོད་པ་འབུལ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 向三宝献贡
Meaning in English: make offerings to triratna
Example: “贡曲松却巴帕！”（向三宝献供）
Reference: 167, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

贡确松 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 佛法僧三宝
Meaning in English: triratna
Reference: 258, "You san zhi yanjing de cunzhuang有三只眼睛的村庄", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

贡桑 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐུ་བསང་།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 山头祭祀
Meaning in English: sacred ceremony on the hill
Example: 如果是家户祭祀，在“扎拉加”环节，依然要邀请家族成员和邻里朋友组成仪仗队，形式与上述的集体“贡桑”（山头祭犯丄相同，同样要唱祈福歌
Reference: 230, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

唝唝 (n.)

Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 竹制的口弦
Meaning in English: bamboo jaw harp
Example: 妹妹拿着前不久土登送给她的“唝唝”（竹制的口弦）在河滩上同羊玩耍。
Reference: 111, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

咕嘟 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁུ་བྱུག
Category: animal; plant
Meaning in Chinese: 布谷鸟；勺兰
Meaning in English: cuckoo; Tibetan cypripedium
Example: 机村的山野里植物众多，但全村所有人叫得出名字的种类不会到五十种以上。而且，好些名字还是非常土气的。比如，非常美丽的勺兰，叫作「咕嘟」，只因这花开放时，一种应季而鸣的鸟就开始啼叫了。这种鸟其实就是布谷鸟。五月，满山满谷都回荡着牠们悠长的啼声，但人们也没有给牠们一个雅致的命名，只是像其鸣声叫做「咕嘟」，然后又把勺兰这种应声而开的花也叫了同样土气的名字。
Reference: 362, Kongshan 空山（上）, Alai阿来

咕叽咕叽 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐུ་མཁྱེན།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 求求你
Meaning in English: I beg you
Example: 不管現代的物質文明怎麼迫使人們從傳統的觀念意識中解放出來，帕布乃崗山區的人們，自身總還殘留著某種古老的表達方式：獲得農學博士學位的村長與我交談時，嘴裏不時抽著冷氣，用舌頭彈出「囉囉」的謙卑的應聲。人們有事相求時，照樣豎起拇指搖晃著，一連吐出七八個「咕嘰咕嘰」的哀求。
Reference: 60 , "Tibet: Soul on a String 西藏, 系在皮绳结上的魂", Xizang, yinmi suiyue西藏, 隐秘岁月, Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

咕宗 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁ་བཙུམ།
Category: colloquialism
Meaning in Chinese: 一手五指并拢, 是一种叫人少管闲事的侮辱性的手势。
Meaning in English: an insultive gesture to warn others to stay out of your way
Example: 我两眼一瞪，右手五指并拢举到他面前说：“咕宗！”
Reference: 106, "Manman zhuanjing lu漫漫转经路", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Dejicuomu德吉措姆

姑鲁仁布切 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 莲花生
Meaning in English: Padmasambhava
Example: 有一次，姑鲁仁布切神在嘎格多节胆地方召集猴子讲经，想把它们变成人。
Reference: 405, Houzi bianren猴子变人, Luobazu Menbazu minjian gushi xuan珞巴族门巴族民间故事选.

姑念 (adj.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཉེས།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 丑
Meaning in English: ugly
Reference: 26, "Chouchou丑丑", 文学香格里拉 Wenxue Xianggelila, Yangjin Lamu 央今拉姆

古巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཀོ་པགས།
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 酥油盒
Meaning in English: ghee container
Example: 你远游的古巴（酥油盒）里装着多少
酥油糌粑
Reference: 428, "Feng zhi moduan 风之末端", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Yangjin Lamu 央今拉姆

古朝 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐུ་དྲག
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 边疆大臣
Meaning in English: officers at the borderland maintaining stability
Example: 他不敢相信，投靠了父亲的这位“古朝”（边疆大臣），一面在向土司献殷勤，一面又对土司耍了个天大的阴谋，无论是真是假，如果父亲知道了，将会有多大的打击呢？
Reference: 111, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

古叽古叽 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐུ་མཁྱེན་སྐུ་མཁྱེན།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 求求你
Meaning in English: I beg you
Reference: 25, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

古吉 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐུ་མཁྱེན།
Category: sentence
Meaning in Chinese: 饶命
Meaning in English: Beg your pardon.
Example: 三个阿飞伸出大拇指哀求道：“饶命、饶命，古吉、古吉。”
Reference: 324, 《黑虎》, 旦巴亚尔杰, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册

古偌乖肯 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐོར་བ་བསྐོར་མཁན།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 转经者
Meaning in English: Buddhist circumanbulator
Example: 在草原上，年长的人都称她“甲波”，但年轻的都不这样称呼了，背地里都称她叫“古偌乖肯”，意为“转经者”。
Reference: 368, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

古突 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དགུ་ཐུག
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 年饭
Meaning in English: New Year's Eve family dinner
Reference: 59, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

归玛土布顶 (n.)

Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 有七个孩子的大鹏神鸟
Meaning in English: the great holy hawk with seven children
Reference: 280, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

圭羌 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒོད་འཆམ།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 秃鹫之舞
Meaning in English: vulture's dance
Example: 春风秋雨 夏花冬雪
看惯秃鹫扑簌迷离的“圭羌”
“圭羌”为藏语音译，意为秃鹫之舞，秃鹫在食用食物之前会围圈起舞。
Reference: 262, Guozhuang xianzi锅庄 弦子, Qiongka'er · Zhaxidengzhu琼卡尔·扎西邓珠, Kangba wenxue Diqing juan康巴文学迪庆卷

衮缅 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དགོན་སྨད།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 下寺
Meaning in English: "lower temple"
Reference: 119, "Taizi shen miao太子神庙", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Yang Zengshi杨增适 (Bai ethnicity白族)

滚布初达 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མགོན་པོ་གཞི་བདག
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 湖主
Meaning in English: master of the lake
Reference: 278, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

锅庄 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐོར་བྲོ།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 锅庄舞
Meaning in English: a kind of dance
Example: 祭词念完后，摘下珠子和毯子，由两个身强力壮的男子手持长竹矛，手舞足蹈地围着牛跳牛锅庄舞，边跳边用手中的竹镖，一下一下地向牛的腋肋间刺去。
Reference: 145, Jiangzhongsong de jiyi (waisipian) 江中松的记忆（外四篇）, Xinshiqi Yunnan shaoshu minzu wenxue zuopin xuan Nuzu juan 新时期云南少数民族文学作品选 怒族卷, Peng Zhaoqing 彭兆清

果 (v.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐོར།
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 转圈
Meaning in English: to turn around
Example: 在藏语中，“望” 为耕地之意，果为“转圈”，“望果” 即为转庄稼地之意。
Reference: 35, "Zoujin Zangnan qunshanxiagu ji Menbazu de wenhua shenchu走进藏南群山峡谷及门巴族的文化深处", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Lv Shaoyi吕昭义 & Hong Mei红梅

哈达 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁ་བཏགས།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 用长方形绢布制成的礼敬法器
Meaning in English: a traditional ceremonial scarf
Example: 村长和几个姑娘捧着哈达和壶嘴上沾着酥油花的银壶在最前面迎接。
Reference: 35，A Soul in Bondage 系在皮绳扣上的魂, Selected Stories by Tashi Dawa: English-Chinese 扎西达娃小说选：英汉对照., Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

哈木戈 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཧ་མ་གོ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 不知道
Meaning in English: I don't know
Example: “至于洋先生的第二个问题，说真话，我就有点哈木戈（不知道）了……”
Reference: 292, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

合惹 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཕོ་རོག
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 一种吉祥的乌鸦
Meaning in English: a raven that indicates luck
Reference: 214, "Haoxin de niao'er 好心的鸟儿", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

很玛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཕུགས་མ།
Category: architecture
Meaning in Chinese: 堂屋
Meaning in English: central room
Example: 向门楣上拋洒三次糌粑面，并用拇指在门楣上贴印三朵再到“很玛” （堂屋），对着中柱高诵祝福词
Reference: 231, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

哼渣 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དཔོན་སྦྲག
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 为土司送信、传达命令的人
Meaning in English: messenger of the chieftain
Reference: 96, "Yi zhi jiang 一只脚", Qingmeizhuoma 青梅卓玛, Ma Zhongqing 祃忠庆 The author's ethnicity cannot be determined.

荒扎 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 小头人
Meaning in English: junior headman
Example: “荒扎（小头人），求求你别打了吧，，看在她怀着孩子的份儿上，饶了她吧！”
Reference: 13, 97, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

羁縻 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འཁྱམ་མི།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 放任自流
Meaning in English: be left unattended
Example: 将千年沉寂的“羁縻”（放任自流）之地搅得“山呼水啸，风云迭起”。
Reference: 145, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

吉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐྱིད།
Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 幸福
Meaning in English: happiness
Reference: 6, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

吉波 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱལ་པོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 国王、土王
Meaning in English: king
Example: 汤久嘎布当上了吉波
Reference: 423, Tangjiu Gabu dangshang le jibo汤久嘎布当上了吉波, Luobazu Menbazu minjian gushi xuan珞巴族门巴族民间故事选.

吉达 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐེ་བཏགས།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 项链
Meaning in English: necklace
Reference: 83, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

吉嘎 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐྱིང་ཁེབས།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 金丝
Meaning in English: spun gold
Reference: 73, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

吉饶 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐྱེས་རབས།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 历史
Meaning in English: history
Reference: 268, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

几 (number.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཅིག
Category: measurement
Meaning in Chinese: 一
Meaning in English: one
Example: 他掰起指头“几（一）、里（二）、松（三）……”地算过。
Reference: 134, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

计算 (v.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྩིས།
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 唧
Meaning in English: calculate
Reference: chapter 2, p12, "Mao lama jiangjing 猫喇嘛讲经", Zangzu wenxue ziliao xuan藏族文学资料选

寄美其美 (n.)

Category: institution
Meaning in Chinese: 原西藏地方政府的一种税制, 以牲畜缴税
Meaning in English: a tax system in Tibet in the past under which people paid livestock as tax
Reference: 88, "Zhui追", Qingmeizhuoma 青梅卓玛, Haimo海默

加 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 汉人
Meaning in English: person of Han ethnicity
Reference: 5, "Yingrao xinling de gesheng萦绕心灵的歌声", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Sina Nongbu斯那农布

加布 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱལ་པོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 王
Meaning in English: King (Chieftain)
Example: 加布：王。
Reference: 227, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

加列列恰 (n/a)

Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 风筝线断了
Meaning in English: The kite string broke
Example: 一个放风筝的小男孩望着头顶断了线往更高处飘飞的风筝喊道：“加列列恰（风筝线断了）。”
Reference: 265, "Fengzheng · Suiyue · wangshi 风筝 · 岁月 · 往事", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Pingcuo Zhaxi平措扎西 (author) and 班丹 (translator)

加鲁 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དགའ་གླུ།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 情歌
Meaning in English: love song
Example: 仅就诗歌而言，有“萨玛”体酒歌、“卓鲁”体牧歌、“加鲁”体情歌，以及长篇叙事诗等形式。
Reference: 1, "Xu序", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Luo Hongzhong罗洪忠

加涅 (n.)

Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 喇嘛
Meaning in English: Lama
Example: 加涅：喇嘛。
Reference: 227, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

加兴崩 (n.)

Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 天帝之库
Meaning in English: the emperor of heaven's treasury
Reference: 284, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

加央西热 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འཇམ་དབྱངས་ཤེས་རབ།
Category: name
Meaning in Chinese: 智慧的文殊
Meaning in English: Wise Manjushri
Example: 加央西热翻译成汉文就是智慧的文殊，文殊是掌管文艺的菩萨，因此我从小就喜欢文具，喜好书籍。
Reference: 2, Xizang zuihou de tuodui西藏最后的驮队, Jiayang Xire加央西热.

迦格 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱ་གར།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 白衣之邦, 印度
Meaning in English: State of White Clothing: India
Example: 中国，在我们的语言中叫做“迦那”。意思是黑衣之邦。
印度，叫做“迦格”。意思是白衣之邦。
Reference: 14, Red Poppies 尘埃落定,Alai阿来

迦那 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱ་ནག་
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 黑衣之邦, 中国
Meaning in English: State of Black Clothing: China
Example: 中国，在我们的语言中叫做“迦那”。意思是黑衣之邦。
印度，叫做“迦格”。意思是白衣之邦。
Reference: 14, Red Poppies 尘埃落定,Alai阿来

嘉尔波 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱལ་པོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 国王
Meaning in English: King (Chieftain)
Example: 注意，这里出现了国家这个字眼。但这并不表示他真的以为自己统领着一个独立的国家。这完全是因为语言的缘故。土司是一种外来语。在我们的语言中，和这个词大致对应的词叫“嘉尔波”，是古代对国王的称呼。所以麦其土司不会用领地这样的词汇，而是说“国家”。
Reference: 35, Red Poppies 尘埃落定, Alai 阿来

嘉格喇嘛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱ་གར་བླ་མ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 白色之邦上师
Meaning in English: Master from State of White
Example: 几十年后，嘉格喇嘛——意为“白色之邦上师”
Reference: 57, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

嘉纳 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱ་ནག
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 黑色之邦
Meaning in English: State of Black
Example: 皇帝见无法挽留，赐他“嘉纳①活佛”名号。① 嘉纳：黑色之邦，俗称汉地，因汉区为龙神，龙呈现蓝色或黑色，故有此称谓。像印度为上部天神，故称白色之邦；蒙古、俄罗斯为非天之区，被称为黄色之邦。
Reference: 60, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

甲 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཇ།
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 茶
Meaning in English: tea
Example: 又端着茶碗，学说着：“甲，交。”（藏语“茶”的发音）
Reference: 25, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

甲棒 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཇག་པ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 土匪
Meaning in English: bandit
Example: 甲棒（土匪）袭击了他们。
Reference: 191, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

甲本 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱ་དཔོན།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 藏军下级军官, 相当于连长。
Meaning in English: office at Tibetan army of former Tibetan government, equivalent to company commander
Example: “甲本”来了，他们才罢手。
Reference: 97, "Manman zhuanjing lu漫漫转经路", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Dejicuomu德吉措姆

甲波 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱལ་པོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 国王, 即土司
Meaning in English: King (Chieftain)
Example: 在草原上，年长的人都称她“甲波”，但年轻的都不这样称呼了，背地里都称她叫“古偌乖肯”，意为“转经者”。
Reference: 368, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

甲嘎吉波 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 印度国王
Meaning in English: the King of India
Example: 因此，便邀请贡什亚丁、甲纳吉波、波巴吉波、甲嘎吉波，让女儿挑选。
Reference: 436, San jiemei ze fuxu三姐妹择夫婿, Luobazu Menbazu minjian gushi xuan珞巴族门巴族民间故事选.

甲根 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱ་རྒན།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 汉人
Meaning in English: person of Han ethnicity
Example: “啊啧啧，甲根（汉人）太聪明了。”
Reference: 198, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

甲玛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱ་དམག
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 汉兵
Meaning in English: soldier of Han ethnicity
Example: 当地的百姓听说“甲玛”（汉兵）来了，纷纷躲进深山。
Reference: 436, "Qimingxing启明星", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Zhaxicuo扎西措

甲纳吉波 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱ་ནག་རྒྱལ་པོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 汉族国王
Meaning in English: the King of Han people
Example: 因此，便邀请贡什亚丁、甲纳吉波、波巴吉波、甲嘎吉波，让女儿挑选。
Reference: 436, San jiemei ze fuxu三姐妹择夫婿, Luobazu Menbazu minjian gushi xuan珞巴族门巴族民间故事选.

甲如 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱ་ཕྲུག
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 汉族男孩
Meaning in English: boy of Han ethnicity
Example: 他们把“小世希”介绍给当地最有名望的仓吉活佛的大管家，请求收留这个不知从哪里来的可怜的“甲如”（汉族男孩）。
Reference: 439, "Qimingxing启明星", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Zhaxicuo扎西措

甲注娃 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཇ་དཀྲུག་པ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 缝茶工
Meaning in English: worker that make the package of brick tea
Example: 两位新来人的出现让所有的甲注娃（缝茶工）停下活来一直注视他俩。
Reference: 57-58, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

贾赤 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱ་གྲི།
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 汉式小刀
Meaning in English: Han-style knife
Example: 这种餐具叫“贾赤布雪”。“贾赤”是汉式小刀，“布雪”就是装在碗套里的木碗。
Reference: 644, "Xuangua zai jinse mengjing li de tonghua悬挂在金色梦境里的童话", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Zhao Min赵敏

尖玛梅朵 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: x་x་མེ་ཏོག་
Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 一种花
Meaning in English: a kind of flower
Example: 他们歌唱，嬉戏，然后剜一簇又一簇鲜艳的鲜花，这一丛叫香阿拉东，那一丛叫扎果梅朵，还有拉玛日角，尖玛梅朵，角玛卡罗，还有尼鲁，阿伊鲁，还有那一团团毛茸茸、轻绵绵、一吹就散的阿就，被风飘起，飘向遥遥无垠的山峦……
Reference: 228, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

江罗头 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལྕང་ལོ།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 梳独辫的发型, 是藏族少女婚前的打扮。
Meaning in English: hairstyle of unmarried Tibetan lady
Example: 原来是一个高个儿藏兵正在欺侮一个梳“江罗头”的十四五岁的小“普姆”，把她逼在墙根上。
Reference: 100, "Manman zhuanjing lu漫漫转经路", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Dejicuomu德吉措姆

江衣 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འཇང་ཡུལ།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 怒族地方
Meaning in English: Nu territory
Reference: 148, Zai hui Dulongjiang再回独龙江, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Yong李勇

将布 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྤྱང་པོ།
Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 聪明
Meaning in English: intelligence
Reference: 201, "Tou baoping 偷宝瓶", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Cheng Guanchang程观昌(ed.)

姜 (n.)

Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 葵花
Meaning in English: sunflower
Reference: 80, "Chapter 8 Dawang chuzheng Jiaoguo shi, wangfei zhijian qi koujiao (Gesa'erwang)（八）大王出征交国事, 王妃之间起口角（格萨尔王）", Zangzu wenxue zuopin xuan 藏族文学作品选 Zangzu wenxue zuopin xuan

绛真 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བྱམས་སྤྲིན།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 芒裕地区寺庙名（慈云）
Meaning in English: a temple in Mangyu
Example: 又在右掌心上修建了“江察”地区的“弄伦”（意为镇风）寺，左掌心上修建了“康”区的“登龙堂度母”寺，右足心上修建了“芒裕（隅）”地区的“绛真”寺（意为慈云寺）。
Reference: 17, "Tanfang Simucun Monv wenhua探访斯木村“魔女”文化", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Lv Shaoyi吕昭义 & Hong Mei红梅

交 (n.)

Category: military and weapon
Meaning in Chinese: 刀子
Meaning in English: knife
Example: 在我祖辈一代，明显地还带着外地的口音。比如，夏无——碗，觉——走，交——刀子，这些与本地方言相差很大。
Reference: 32, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

交松切 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐྱབས་སུ་མཆི།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 菩萨名, 藏人常用的发誓语
Meaning in English: swear to the Buddha
Example: 萨都措大吃一惊地嚷起来：交松切（菩萨名，这是藏人常用的发誓语）!你怎么可以进去？那里边只有晦气，还死过人的呀！
Reference: 97, 112, 161, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

角玛卡罗 (n.)

Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 一种花
Meaning in English: a kind of flower
Example: 他们歌唱，嬉戏，然后剜一簇又一簇鲜艳的鲜花，这一丛叫香阿拉东，那一丛叫扎果梅朵，还有拉玛日角，尖玛梅朵，角玛卡罗，还有尼鲁，阿伊鲁，还有那一团团毛茸茸、轻绵绵、一吹就散的阿就，被风飘起，飘向遥遥无垠的山峦……
Reference: 228, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

觉 (v.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འགྲོ།
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 走
Meaning in English: walk
Example: 在我祖辈一代，明显地还带着外地的口音。比如，夏无——碗，觉——走，交——刀子，这些与本地方言相差很大。
Reference: 32, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

觉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གྲོག།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 山沟
Meaning in English: ravine, valley
Example: 协拉顿珠歌里唱的那个地方叫「觉尔郎」。
「觉」的意思是山沟。「尔郎」两个汉字拼出来一个短促的声音,就是深的意思。
Reference: 35, Kongshan 空山（下）, Alai阿来

觉尔郎 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གྲོག་རོང།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 山谷名称
Meaning in English: name of a ravine
Example: 协拉顿珠歌里唱的那个地方叫「觉尔郎」。
「觉」的意思是山沟。「尔郎」两个汉字拼出来一个短促的声音,就是深的意思。
Reference: 35, Kongshan 空山（下）, Alai阿来

觉啦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཇོ་ལགས།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 拉萨藏语, 哥哥
Meaning in English: brother, Lhasa dialect
Example: “觉啦，求求你，帮我把我的帽子捞上来！”
Reference: 520, "Yilu yangguang 一路阳光", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Laxianjia 拉先加 (author) and Long Renqing龙仁青 (translator)

觉麻 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གྲོ་མ།
Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 人参果
Meaning in English: ginseng fruit
Example: 这是在旱獭的洞口放一些觉麻（人参果）引旱獭上套的把戏。
Reference: 200, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

觉玛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གྲོ་མ།
Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 蕨麻，人参果
Meaning in English: wild sweet potato, potentilla anserine.
Example: 他们备好了从别人家用两斗粮食换来的一坛酒，锅里煮好了肉，肉汤里烹煮的豌豆和觉玛发出诱人的香气。
Reference: 47, Kongshan 空山（上）, Alai阿来

觉姆 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཇོ་མོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 尼姑
Meaning in English: Buddhist nun
Example: 如果他变了心，她就出家当觉姆（尼姑）。
Reference: 294, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

觉喏穆 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཇོ་བོ་རིན་པོ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 发誓语, 神佛名
Meaning in English: swear to the Buddha
Example: “觉喏穆（发誓语，神佛名）!真是亲眼所见，确确实实，一定是瑞兆啊！老爷！”她们都很肯定地说。
Reference: 112, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

觉仁波佛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཇོ་བོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 释迦牟尼, 佛教的创始人。
Meaning in English: Sakyamuni
Example: 我已經在大昭寺的覺仁波佛的脚下發過誓。
Reference: 53, "Zai tiancha guan li 在甜茶馆里”, Xizang, yinmi suiyue西藏, 隐秘岁月, Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

觉仁布 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཇོ་བོ་རིན་པོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 对佛爷起誓
Meaning in English: swear to the Buddha
Example: “觉仁布（对佛爷起誓），是他们。”
Reference: 47, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

觉如 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྤྲང་ཕྲུག།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 穷孩子
Meaning in English: poor kid
Reference: chapter 5, p2, "Introduction of Gesa'er wang zhuan英雄史诗《格萨尔王传》简介", Zangzu wenxue ziliao xuan 藏族文学资料选

觉松切 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཇོ་བོ་སངས་རྒྱས།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 感叹语, 神佛名
Meaning in English: words to exclaim
Example: “她生了，孩子出生了！觉松切（感叹语，神佛名）!”
Reference: 13, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

结波 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྒྱལ་པོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 国王、土王
Meaning in English: king
Example: 从前在西藏喜马拉雅山西坡的门巴族地区，有一个小王国的结波（意为国王），名叫勒格。
Reference: 454, Yunan Reba de gushi隅南热巴的故事, Luobazu Menbazu minjian gushi xuan珞巴族门巴族民间故事选.

结合本 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཇག་དཔོན།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 抢劫头目
Meaning in English: head of a gang of robbers
Example: “是，结合本（抢劫头目）。”
Reference: 94, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

金珠玛米 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བཅིངས་འགྲོལ་དམག་མི།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 解放军。原意是打开锁链的兵。 金珠的汉语意思是拯救苦难的菩萨, 玛米的汉语意思是兵, 金珠玛米就是救苦救难的菩萨兵的意思。
Meaning in English: People's Liberation Army; the literal meaning is army sent by Bodhisattva to save people from misery
Example: 一个孩子情不自禁地拍手欢呼：“金珠玛米力气大！金珠玛米赢啦！”
Reference: 8, "Jixiang de caihong 吉祥的彩虹", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册 ,'jam dpal rgya mtsho 降边嘉措

京格 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཅིན་རྐ
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 人撒尿的地方
Meaning in English: place where people pee
Reference: 264, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

聚 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བཅུད།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 精粹, 精气
Meaning in English: vital essence
Example: 藏人观念世界中大自然繁荣之因是积聚了“聚”。聚指的是精粹，精气，一种养分，使万物繁荣，生生不息的膏脂。
Reference: 223, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

蕨麻 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གྲོ་མ།
Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 人参果，委陵菜的粒状根
Meaning in English: wild sweet potato, potentilla anserine
Example: 夫人常常亲自下厨，别出心裁地熬一碗羊脖子汤，加新鲜蕨麻，加少许野葱野蒜，然后端给卓嘎，她声称此物最有营养，最补女身，要卓嘎趁热喝下去。
Reference: 369, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

蕨玛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གྲོ་མ་
Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 人参果，委陵菜的粒状根
Meaning in English: wild sweet potato, potentilla anserine
Example: 栎树籽、珠芽蓼籽、蕨草的根，还有汉语叫人参果本地话叫蕨玛的委陵菜的粒状根，都是淀粉丰富的食物。
Reference: 31, Moguquan蘑菇圈, Alai阿来

喀擦热 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁ་ཚ་ར།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 藏族和尼泊尔人通婚所生的人, 是尼泊尔籍
Meaning in English: Nepalese child of mixed marriage between a Tibetan and a Nepalese
Example: 谁也不会对他们那些个喀擦热（藏族和尼泊尔人通婚所生的人，是尼泊尔籍）说什么。
Reference: 271, "Fengzheng · Suiyue · wangshi 风筝 · 岁月 · 往事", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Pingcuo Zhaxi平措扎西 (author) and 班丹 (translator)

卡称 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཕྲེང་།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 串珠
Meaning in English: rosary
Example: “唔，唔，唔唔，那地方就取名卡称———串珠吧。”
Reference: 19, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

卡垫 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁ་གདན་
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 小型藏毯，藏族家庭的床上用品
Meaning in English: traditional Tibetan rug, a common bedding for Tibetan family
Example: “我妈妈对我说过二十遍，出门后不许男人碰我，我不能和你坐在一条卡垫上。”
Reference: 95，Plateau Serenade 归途小夜曲, Selected Stories by Tashi Dawa: English-Chinese 扎西达娃小说选：英汉对照., Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

卡佳意 (n.)

Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 幽默茶话会
Meaning in English: a party where people talk with (or criticize) each other in a humorous way
Reference: 200, "Deqin de 'Kajiayi' 德钦的'卡佳意' ", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Yongji Zhuoma永基卓玛

卡瓦格博 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁ་བ་དཀར་པོ།
Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 意为“白色雪山”，即梅里雪山
Meaning in English: Meili Snow Mountains
Reference: 231, "Na yi nian, Xianggelila那一年，香格里拉", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Zhanghong 张鸿 The author's ethnicity cannot be determined

凯 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁལ་མ་
Category: animal

堪布 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མཁན་པོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 藏传佛教中佛学知识渊博的僧人
Meaning in English: intelligent Buddhist monk
Example: “哦，我是章浪寺的堪布（藏传佛教中佛学知识渊博的僧人），琼泽益西。”
Reference: 154, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

康 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁམས།
Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 边地
Meaning in English: borderland
Example: “康巴”一词是藏语的汉语译音。关于康巴，国内外学术界有多种解释，但就生长于汉、藏、回多种文化交汇地的我而言，也因我的小说《康巴》的缘故，我更倾向于以下解释：康，藏语的意思是边地，巴，即人意，康巴，意为边地康区境内的藏人。
Reference: 343, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

康巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁམས་པ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 边地康区境内的藏人
Meaning in English: Tibetan people in Kangba area
Example: “康巴”一词是藏语的汉语译音。关于康巴，国内外学术界有多种解释，但就生长于汉、藏、回多种文化交汇地的我而言，也因我的小说《康巴》的缘故，我更倾向于以下解释：康，藏语的意思是边地，巴，即人意，康巴，意为边地康区境内的藏人。
Reference: 343, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

康秀姆 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁང་གཤམ།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 房子的下边
Meaning in English: under the house
Example: “哦，掌墨师（建筑师）回来了？”
Reference: 48, "Geyao zhong de Xianggelila qingke wenhua歌谣中的香格里拉青稞文化", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Bai Yuxian白玉先

康珠玛称沓 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མཁའ་འགྲོ་མའི་ཕྲེང་ཐག
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 空行母的珠链
Meaning in English: Dakini's chain of pearls
Reference: 284, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

康珠乃色 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མཁའ་འགྲོ་གནས་ས།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 空行母圣地
Meaning in English: holy place of Dakini
Reference: 283, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

科巴 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 管家
Meaning in English: an honorific to address a person
Reference: 95, "Yi zhi jiang 一只脚", Qingmeizhuoma 青梅卓玛, Ma Zhongqing 祃忠庆 The author's ethnicity cannot be determined.

科巴 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 为头人支差的农奴差户
Meaning in English: serf who does enforced work for the landlord
Example: 布里科的科巴（农奴）人对降央土司的印象是：豺狼中的恶霸。
Reference: 67, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

克 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁལ།
Category: measurement
Meaning in Chinese: 土地单位, 相当于一亩多土地
Meaning in English: area unit to measure land, 1 unit amounts to over 1 "mu"
Reference: 69, "Yaluzangbujiang pan de yehuo雅鲁藏布江畔的夜火", Qingmeizhuoma 青梅卓玛, Guo Chaoren郭超人and Liu Hanjun刘汉君

克 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁལ།
Category: measurement
Meaning in Chinese: 西藏的计量单位，1克约合14公斤
Meaning in English: a standard Tibetan measure of volume equal to 14kg
Example: 他走到汤久嘎布跟前说：“明天，我们进行开垦刀耕火种地的比赛，你我各一百克面积的种子地，看谁先砍伐完、烧完、把地翻完。”
Reference: 429, Tangjiu Gabu dangshang le jibo汤久嘎布当上了吉波, Luobazu Menbazu minjian gushi xuan珞巴族门巴族民间故事选.

库米 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 信差
Meaning in English: carrier
Example: 门隅的大部分部落里均设有“库米”（信差）和“佐赖”（侍从）。
Reference: 13, "Wode jiaxiang - Menyu我的家乡——门隅", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yixi Chilie益西赤烈

廓洛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འཁོར་ལོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 小转经筒
Meaning in English: small prayer wheel
Example: 她喝过早茶，就用一把半圆的牛角骨梳子把头发梳了一遍，然后戴上羊皮帽，拿起小巧的“廓洛”（小转经筒）和已经被她的手指捻搓得不太圆的褐色檀香木佛珠，关上门又出去了。
Reference: 367, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

拉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལགས།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 尊称
Meaning in English: honorific
Example: 隆珠拉，我们是不是现在就过江去见宗本？
Reference: 4, "Jixiang de caihong 吉祥的彩虹", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册 ,'jam dpal rgya mtsho 降边嘉措

拉尺巴娃 (n.)

Category: military and weapon
Meaning in Chinese: 神剑
Meaning in English: holy sword
Reference: 65, "Youqingren zhong cheng juanshu 有情人终成眷属", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

拉嘎 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལག་རྔ་།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 绿色大鼓
Meaning in English: big green drum
Example: 吊在架子上巨大的拉嘎（绿色大鼓）被敲出咚咚咚有节奏的鼓声。
Reference: 207, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

拉吉罗 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལྷ་རྒྱལ་ལོ། །
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 神必胜
Meaning in English: The god wins!
Example: 煨桑时，点燃浓烟开始念诵祈祷经文，经文念诵完毕，便高声呼叫“拉索罗，拉吉罗” （神必胜！），呼叫三遍，燃放鞭炮、鸣枪，以示给山神助威。
Reference: 224, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

拉甲啰 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལྷ་རྒྱལ་ལོ། །
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 愿善神得胜
Meaning in English: The god wins!
Example: 他同藏人们一同高喊：“哦，啦嗦！哦，拉嗦！拉甲啰（愿善神得胜）！
Reference: 43, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

拉玛日角 (n.)

Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 一种花
Meaning in English: a kind of flower
Example: 他们歌唱，嬉戏，然后剜一簇又一簇鲜艳的鲜花，这一丛叫香阿拉东，那一丛叫扎果梅朵，还有拉玛日角，尖玛梅朵，角玛卡罗，还有尼鲁，阿伊鲁，还有那一团团毛茸茸、轻绵绵、一吹就散的阿就，被风飘起，飘向遥遥无垠的山峦……
Reference: 228, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

拉姆 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལྷ་མོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 仙女，天女，女天神
Meaning in English: goddess
Example: “……拉姆仙女在森林里等啊，等啊。……”
Reference: 67，Over the River 江那边, Selected Stories by Tashi Dawa: English-Chinese 扎西达娃小说选：英汉对照., Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

拉恰勒空 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བླ་ཕྱག་ལས་ཁུངས།
Category: institution
Meaning in Chinese: 藏政府财政机关
Meaning in English: treasury office of Tibetan government
Example: 征得的实物由各地段负责送往拉萨，交给西藏地方政府的拉恰勒空（藏政府财政机关）。
Reference: 7, "Wode jiaxiang - Menyu我的家乡——门隅", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yixi Chilie益西赤烈

拉萨 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལྷ་ས།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 圣地
Meaning in English: holy land
Example: 拉萨——藏语意为“圣地”，四周的群山像八瓣莲花，围拱着这一片宽广肥沃的河谷，它就是我的故乡！
Reference: 96, "Manman zhuanjing lu漫漫转经路", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Dejicuomu德吉措姆

拉赛罗 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལྷ་གསོལ་ལོ། །
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 神胜利了
Meaning in English: The god wins!
Example: 朗（天），仍然是我的朗，萨（地），仍然是我的萨，眼前的一切还是属于我多吉旺登，土司忽然心血来潮，命侍从把所有带在身上的五色风马旗撒向空中，自己则策马狂奔起来，还一面高吼着“拉赛罗（神胜利了）!拉赛罗……”
Reference: 97, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

拉索罗 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལྷ་གསོལ་ལོ། །
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 神必胜
Meaning in English: The god wins!
Example: 煨桑时，点燃浓烟开始念诵祈祷经文，经文念诵完毕，便高声呼叫“拉索罗，拉吉罗” （神必胜！），呼叫三遍，燃放鞭炮、鸣枪，以示给山神助威。
Reference: 224, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

拉伊 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལ་གཞས།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 情歌
Meaning in English: love song
Example: 尕金眉清目秀，但颧骨略略高了一点，大概是她在母胎时吸收的养料中仇恨的成份过高，所以在她表现生气状的时候，面目有些凶狠，但是这些特征并不妨碍那些多情的小伙子没昼没夜地为她唱拉伊情歌。
Reference: 56, 221, 291, 385, 388, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

拉争 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལག་གྲི།
Category: military and weapon
Meaning in Chinese: 佩刀
Meaning in English: sabre
Reference: 280, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

拉之 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གླ་རྩི།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 麝香
Meaning in English: musk
Example: 王震帮就是在这一天时、地利、人和下顺藤摸瓜地成为了藏商眼中婚姻事业双丰收的拉之（麝香）王。
Reference: 338, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

啦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལགས།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 敬语
Meaning in English: an honorific to address a person
Reference: 4, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

啦吉喏 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལྷ་རྒྱལ་ལོ། །
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 神必胜
Meaning in English: The god wins!
Example: 那一瞬间的崇敬和荣耀之中似乎悟出了人生的苦难和宇宙的真谛，仿佛整个世界一齐发出隆隆的欢呼声：“啦吉喏！” Footnote 啦吉喏：藏语，意为“神必胜！”
Reference: 110, Fury of the Shambhala 骚动的香巴拉, 扎西达娃

啦加老 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལྷ་རྒྱལ་ལོ། །
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 藏语欢呼之意
Meaning in English: words to exclaim
Reference: 81, "Yi duo lanhua de qiji 一朵兰花的奇迹", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

啦嗉 (adv.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལགས་སོ། །
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 好, 对
Meaning in English: yes
Reference: 157, "Hairen de ren zhong haiji害人的人终害己", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

啦嗦啦嗦 (adv.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལགས་སོ་ལགས་སོ། །
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 是的
Meaning in English: yes
Example: 于是，他们的嘴里流泻出感恩的“俄冲（谢谢之意”）声和“啦嗦啦嗦”听话的声音。
Reference: 9, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

啦嗦啰啦吉啰 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལྷ་གསོལ་ལོ་ལྷ་རྒྱལ་ལོ། །
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 神灵保佑人畜平安之意
Meaning in English: May god bless people and livestock
Example: 经过几星期准备，他们选择了一个黄道吉日，家家都焚上松明香火，在那木萨（巫师）一阵阵“啦嗦啰啦吉啰！”“啦嗦啰啦吉啰！”（神灵保佑人畜平安之意）的祈祷声中，赶着牛羊，男男女女前呼后拥吆三喝六地向牧场进发了。
Reference: 72, Muchang ji qu牧场记趣, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Ba Weidong巴伟东

啦索罗 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལྷ་གསོལ་ལོ། །
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 神胜利啦
Meaning in English: The god wins!
Example: “啦索罗（神胜利啦！）……”
Reference: 39, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

喇嘛根曲 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བླ་མ་དཀོན་མཆོག །
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 上师三宝
Meaning in English: guru and Triratna
Example: 再下到土坡时，他遇到了一批回卡则村的人，他喃喃地自语：“喇嘛根曲”（上师三宝），心里变得踏实亮堂起来。
Reference: 225, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

腊都 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 赶马人
Meaning in English: horse driver
Reference: 111, "Xueshan daoban jiushi雪山道班旧事", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Yang Zengshi杨增适 (Bai ethnicity白族)

朗 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གནམ།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 天
Meaning in English: sky
Example: 朗（天），仍然是我的朗，萨（地），仍然是我的萨，眼前的一切还是属于我多吉旺登，土司忽然心血来潮，命侍从把所有带在身上的五色风马旗撒向空中，自己则策马狂奔起来，还一面高吼着“拉赛罗（神胜利了）!拉赛罗……”
Reference: 97, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

朗吉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྣམ་རྒྱལ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 常胜之将, 顺利吉祥
Meaning in English: ever-victorious general
Example: 仪式毕，给孩子取名叫郎吉，“郎吉”之意就是“常胜之将、顺利吉祥”的意思
Reference: 112, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

朗廓 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ནང་སྐོར།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 内圈
Meaning in English: inner circle
Reference: 70, lasa hongchen拉萨红尘, Baima Nazhen白玛娜珍

朗生 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ནང་ཟན།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: “家里养的” , 即家奴
Meaning in English: domestic slave
Example: 反正我是给女主人放牧六头奶牛的小朗生，取什么名字由不得自己。
Reference: 17, "Qigai乞丐", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, ye shes bstan 'dzin 益希单增

老鼠 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཙི་ཙི།
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 唧唧
Meaning in English: rat
Reference: chapter2, p12, "Mao lala jiangjing猫喇嘛讲经", Zangzu wenxue ziliao xuan藏族文学资料选

勒通 (n.)

Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 铜镜
Meaning in English: bronze mirror
Example: “你借用眉间菩萨的慧眼望望北方名叫勒通（铜镜）的草原……”
Reference: 173, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

里 (number.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཉིས།
Category: measurement
Meaning in Chinese: 二
Meaning in English: two
Example: 他掰起指头“几（一）、里（二）、松（三）……”地算过。
Reference: 134, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

林卡 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གླིང་ག
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 园林
Meaning in English: park
Example: 巴桑常常站在院門口望著那些玩林卡回來的人們。
Reference: 164 , “Basang he ta de dimei men巴桑和她的弟妹们", Xizang, yinmi suiyue西藏, 隐秘岁月, Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

岭 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གླིང་།
Category: institution
Meaning in Chinese: 地域、地方、寺
Meaning in English: a place, an area, or a temple
Example: “舅舅的家在桑佩岭（岭，藏语里可谓地域、地方、寺等），到那儿还要走这么、这么多天，还要翻这么，这么多山……”
Reference: 128, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

龙布 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བླུན་པོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 傻瓜
Meaning in English: dummy
Reference: 201, "Tou baoping 偷宝瓶", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Cheng Guanchang程观昌(ed.)

龙达 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རླུང་རྟ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 敬神的经文纸片
Meaning in English: pieces of scripture that honors gods
Example: 人们将一摞摞“龙达”（敬神的经文纸片）抛向天空。
Reference: 43, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

龙扎溪卡 (n.)

Category: architecture
Meaning in Chinese: 庄园
Meaning in English: manor
Reference: 4, Realm界, Ciren Luobu次仁罗布

隆达 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རླུང་རྟ།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 风马旗
Meaning in English: "Wind Horse Flag", a religious flag in Tibet
Example: 念完经，翁扎土司就亲自把已经准备好的新的五彩经幡挂在了神山脚下巨大的玛尼石堆上，于是僧俗众人围着桑烟祭台尽情拋撒五彩隆达（风马旗）。
Reference: 39, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

鲁 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སླུ།
Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 败、坏、损
Meaning in English: decay, wear
Example: 鲁：代表败、坏、损。
Reference: 227, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

鲁崩哇 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 鲁崩村人
Meaning in English: Lubeng(鲁崩) villager
Reference: 261, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

鲁当坚仁 (n/a)

Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 南猛兽
Meaning in English: south represents predator
Example: 南面称“鲁当坚仁”，意为南猛兽，上面刻有15种猛兽；
Reference: 228, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

啰啰 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལོ་ལོ།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 长辈对小辈疼爱的叫法
Meaning in English: baby (an intimate way to adress person of younger generation)
Reference: 95, "Mafu qu gongzhu马夫娶公主", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

啰啰/罗罗 (adv.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལགས་ལགས།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 好的
Meaning in English: Yes, OK
Example: 不管現代的物質文明怎麼迫使人們從傳統的觀念意識中解放出來，帕布乃崗山區的人們，自身總還殘留著某種古老的表達方式：獲得農學博士學位的村長與我交談時，嘴裏不時抽著冷氣，用舌頭彈出「囉囉」的謙卑的應聲。人們有事相求時，照樣豎起拇指搖晃著，一連吐出七八個「咕嘰咕嘰」的哀求。
Reference: 60, "Tibet: Soul on a String 西藏, 系在皮绳结上的魂", Xizang, yinmi suiyue西藏, 隐秘岁月, Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

罗布 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ནོར་བུ།
Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 宝贝
Meaning in English: treasure, or baby
Reference: 6, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

罗布尔卡 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ནོར་བུ་གླིང་ག
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 宝贝园林, 达赖喇嘛的夏宫。
Meaning in English: Norbulingka
Reference: 16, "Guxi yu Dexi古茜与德茜", Qingmeizhuoma 青梅卓玛, Liu Ke刘克

洛加革 (n.)

Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 冒险抢劫
Meaning in English: robbery adventure
Example: 察拉齐部落一年一度德“洛加革”（冒险抢劫），在远离故乡德夏拉若拉开了血腥的帷幕。
Reference: 95, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

洛卓 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལས་འཕྲོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 宿债，前世没还清的债
Meaning in English: a karmic debt from a former life that results in sth. happening in this life.
Example: 阿妈斯烱深深叹息，那些年月，我本指望家里靠他这个男人来撑着，可他却反要我来照顾。洛卓。阿妈斯烱说，洛卓。你舅舅就是我的洛卓。洛卓这个词，翻成汉语就是宿债。
……
她用额头贴着胆巴的额头，胆巴，我跟你没有洛卓，不然不会让我这么省心。可是，你还欠我的。
Reference: 115, 130-131, 132-133, Moguquan蘑菇圈, Alai阿来

珞瑜 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཀློ་ཡུལ།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 印度珞巴人集中的地域
Meaning in English: an area inhabited by Indian Luoba people
Example: 白天和贡布人掺杂在一起，来来回回，因语言不通比画的手势一把一把的，吵吵嚷嚷高低不齐的摊位，把这块平原环了一圈，从山那边背过来的有印度红色大米、清香的珞瑜辣椒、五色的达缅染料，还有青嫩的玉米和各种编织精美的竹器。
Reference: 92, "Na'anda hudiemeng (wai yipian)娜安达，蝴蝶梦（外一篇）", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yayi亚依

妈拉毒 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མར་ལ་སྡོད།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 藏语骂人的话
Meaning in English: Tibetan swear words
Reference: 76, "Yaluzangbujiang pan de yehuo雅鲁藏布江畔的夜火", Qingmeizhuoma 青梅卓玛, Guochaoren郭超人 and 刘汉君Liu Hanjun

麻崔 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྨན་ཆོས།
Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 一种草，是染氆氇最好的染料
Meaning in English: kind of grass used as the best dye for spu-phrugs
Example: 同时用二十碗土盐又能换走一大背“麻崔”。
Reference: 459, Pusa toumi菩萨偷米, Luobazu Menbazu minjian gushi xuan珞巴族门巴族民间故事选.

马德尔 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དམག་དར།
Category: military and weapon
Meaning in Chinese: 战旗、令旗
Meaning in English: flag used to issue orders in a war
Example: 卡瓦格博偶像肩部两侧各插有两面三角形“马德尔”（战旗、令旗）、扎拉同样部位两面，赞一面，插在后背部位。
Reference: 228, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

玛吉阿米 (n.)

Category: name
Meaning in Chinese: 圣洁的母亲、纯洁的少女和未嫁的姑娘
Meaning in English: pure mother / virgin
Example: 我每次走进西藏错那县勒布沟，便想起门巴族诗人仓央嘉措曾写下过的一首曼妙情诗：“皎月升上东方山巅，玛吉阿米的容颜浮现。”玛吉阿米，是一个汉字音译的藏语词汇，意为圣洁的母亲、纯洁的少女和未嫁的姑娘。
Reference: 3, "Xu序", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Luo Hongzhong罗洪忠

玛奶 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མ་ནེ།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 奶奶
Meaning in English: grandmother
Reference: 42, "Sangji Zhuoma yu hei tujiu桑吉卓玛与黑秃鹫", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Yangjin Lamu央今拉姆

玛尼 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མ་ཎི།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 六字真言
Meaning in English: the prayer: ‘o mani padme hum’
Example: 尕金问：“阿卡奂去了哪里？”
“他去了亚塞仓玛尼堂。”
Reference: 134, 139, 147, 148, 151, 237, 297, 301, 408, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

玛尼卡 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མ་ཎི་ཁང་།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 玛尼堂
Meaning in English: a temple in which a huge prayer wheel is set.
Example: 押解途中，嘎嘎看到，沃赛部落的玛尼卡里的所有贵重东西全部都被带出了部落，所有的金银器皿，唐卡雕塑，还有女人头上身上的装饰，诸如珊瑚，玛瑙，松儿石，象牙，以及金银首饰。
Reference: 406, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

玛曲 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྨ་ཆུ།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 黄河
Meaning in English: Yellow River
Example: 这是玛曲（黄河）和治曲（长江）两江河的分水岭，红原草原逐渐出现，无限开阔。
Reference: 601, "Waqie de talin he shuizang jingfan瓦切的塔林和水葬经幡", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Dechen Wangmo德干旺姆

嘛呢（水供） (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མ་ཎི།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 建在水上的靠水能常年转动的转经筒
Meaning in English: water prayer wheel
Example: 溪流上方有很长一排“嘛呢水供”，就是建在水上的靠水能常年转动的传经筒。
Reference: 176, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

嘛呢康 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མ་ཎི་ཁང་།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 村民宗教活动中心。
Meaning in English: religious centre of a village
Example: “我是从嘛呢康来的。”
Reference: 226, "Xueyu, linghun de shijie 雪域, 灵魂的世界", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Aning · Zhaxidongzhu阿宁 · 扎西东主(author) and Jiumei Duojie久美多杰(translator)

麦札仓 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྨད་གྲྭ་ཚང།
Category: institution
Meaning in Chinese: 色拉寺下属僧院
Meaning in English: smad (mey) college of sera monastery
Example: 如有的是哲蚌寺日基（负责布施的机构）的差民，有的是色拉寺“麦”札仓的差民，有的是贵族绕噶厦的差民等。
Reference: 8, "Wode jiaxiang - Menyu我的家乡——门隅", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yixi Chilie益西赤烈

曼巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྨན་པ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 医生
Meaning in English: doctor
Example: 听说远方的“曼巴” （藏语：医生）送病人路过此地，区委书记、区长都出来迎接我们。
Reference: 140, Jiangzhongsong de jiyi (waisipian) 江中松的记忆（外四篇）, Xinshiqi Yunnan shaoshu minzu wenxue zuopin xuan Nuzu juan 新时期云南少数民族文学作品选 怒族卷, Peng Zhaoqing 彭兆清

曼陀罗 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མཎྜལ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 意译为“坛城”、“坛场”、“轮圆具足”、“聚集”等。
Meaning in English: mandala
Example: 那历代法王修行的曲吉祝波经堂殿壁上，大型曼陀罗、阎罗德迦、妙音菩萨、密迹金刚、叶衣母……
Reference: 210, "Fengling · Hui ge · suyoudeng风铃 · 灰鸽 · 酥油灯", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, 扎西东珠 Zhaxi Dongzhu

梅里 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྨན་རི།
Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 药山
Meaning in English: Medicine Mountain
Reference: 214, "Chongcao chu zai wuyue 虫草出在五月", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Zhaxi Nima 扎西尼玛

梅里 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྨན་རྒྱལ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 药王
Meaning in English: King of Medicine
Reference: 119, "Yaowang shenshan药王神山", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Yang Zengshi杨增适 (Bai ethnicity白族)

梅里水 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྨན་རི་གཞོལ།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 药山下的村庄
Meaning in English: village at the foot of Medicine Mountain
Reference: 214, "Chongcao chu zai wuyue 虫草出在五月", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Zhaxi Nima 扎西尼玛

门巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྨན་པ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 医生
Meaning in English: doctor
Reference: 25, “Basha巴莎”, Liu Ke刘克, Qingmeizhuoma 青梅卓玛

门孜康 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྨན་རྩིས་ཁང་།
Category: institution
Meaning in Chinese: 藏医院
Meaning in English: college of traditional Tibetan medicine and astrology in Lhasa.
Example: 塔巴八部每年还将沉香、苦楝、山楂等各种药材送到拉萨，交给“门孜康”（藏医院）或药王山制药厂。
Reference: 7, "Wode jiaxiang - Menyu我的家乡——门隅", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yixi Chilie益西赤烈

米昂 (n.)

Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 木雅, 地名
Meaning in English: place name, Muya
Example: 从达折多回来，在米昂（木雅）扎营露宿时，桑佩马帮碰上一队甘孜大金寺的马帮
Reference: 201, 206, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

米米泽哇德庆坚色司 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དམིགས་མེད་བརྩེ་བའི་གཏེར་ཆེན་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 观音菩萨保佑平安
Meaning in English: Avalokitesvara bless you
Example: “米米泽哇德庆坚色司！”这是句祈祷的话，意思是观音菩萨保佑平安。
Reference: 167, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

密芒 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མིག་མང་།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 多眼棋, 藏围棋
Meaning in English: Mig Mang
Example: 更让他高兴的是小曲登会下“密芒”——多眼棋，即藏围棋。
Reference: 29, 165, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

密芒吉丹居 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མིག་མང་གི་བསྟན་བཅོས།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 藏围棋的理论
Meaning in English: the concept of Mig Mang
Example: “密芒吉丹居”的意思就是“藏围棋的理论”，“密芒”就是“多眼棋”之意，也就是藏围棋。
Reference: 165, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

缅楚姆 (n.)

Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 药王侄女
Meaning in English: niece of the King of Medicine
Reference: 119,"Mianchumu feng缅楚姆峰", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Yang Zengshi杨增适 (Bai ethnicity白族)

嫫啦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྨོ་བོ་ལགས།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 虔诚信佛、心地善良的奶奶
Meaning in English: pious and kind grandmother
Example: 还有虔诚信佛、心地善良的奶奶——我们藏语叫嫫啦。
Reference: 96, "Manman zhuanjing lu漫漫转经路", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Dejicuomu德吉措姆

摩巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མོ་པ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 一种专门靠算命为生的宗教职业者
Meaning in English: fortune-teller
Reference: 139, "Nima'aosai he Dawa'aosai 尼玛敖赛和达娃敖赛", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

末尼 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མུ་ནེ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 喷焰末尼，一种宗教符号
Meaning in English: a religious symbol
Example: 一画到风马，桑丹卓玛就停止了，她的手停在那匹风马背上的喷焰末尼上，准确地说，她的手停在了那喷起的火焰上。
Reference: 324, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

莫尔朵 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྨོ་ཏོ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 老太婆, 骂人的话。
Meaning in English: swear words to insult an old woman
Example: 士兵掉头一看，发现是个老太婆，气急败坏地咒骂说：“呸！阿咩若！老子刚开始就碰上你这个碍事的莫尔朵，快滚开！”
Reference: 100, "Manman zhuanjing lu漫漫转经路", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Dejicuomu德吉措姆

莫木 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 愚笨之女
Meaning in English: stupid woman
Example: 喇嘛责骂拉珍是“莫木”（愚笨之女），把难遇的神山“宝负”遗弃了。
Reference: 30, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

哞玛尼叭咪哄 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨོཾ་མ་ཎི་པདྨེ་ཧཱུྃ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 六字真言
Meaning in English: Om mani padme hum
Example: 哞玛尼叭咪哄，每天不言不语，不餐不食，数小时数小时地盘腿而坐，心诵六字真经，闭目思过。
六字真言哞玛尼叭咪哄，分别指的是地狱、恶鬼、畜牲、天、阿修罗和人，前三种叫做三恶趣，后三种叫做三善趣。
Reference: 230, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

姆 (v.)

Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 腐烂
Meaning in English: decay
Example: 木姆——姆，腐烂之意，形容那些邋遢的女人；
Reference: 34, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

姆瓦 (n.)

Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 辛苦费
Meaning in English: reward
Example: “毕夏”结束后，长者中一位代表致辞，向阿曲表示感谢，并代替执事组织向阿曲团队奉赠哈达和“姆瓦”(辛苦费)。
Reference: 234, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

木花 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མག་པ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 女婿娃
Meaning in English: son-in-law
Reference: 62, "Youqingren zhong cheng juanshu 有情人终成眷属", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

木姆 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 邋遢的女人
Meaning in English: floppy woman
Example: 木姆——姆，腐烂之意，形容那些邋遢的女人；
Reference: 34, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

慕古 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཆོས་བསྐོར།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 背着经书围绕农田和村庄转圈，祈求风调雨顺，感谢土地神
Meaning in English: a religious ceremony to pray for good harvest
Reference: 213, "Heizhenzhu zai qingke di 黑珍珠在青稞地", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

那古 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གནའ་བཀུར།
Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 盟誓
Meaning in English: oath of alliance
Reference: 279, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

那若 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 画师
Meaning in English: painter
Example: 现在，他正师从于大画师协巴更登那若（画师）。
Reference: 241, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

娜格尼赤 (n.)

Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 月亮的汗水
Meaning in English: sweat of the moon
Reference: 423, "Feng zhi moduan 风之末端", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Yangjin Lamu 央今拉姆

娜格尼苏萨 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཟླ་བའི་ཉལ་ས།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 月亮休息的地方
Meaning in English: place where the moon rests
Reference: 423, "Feng zhi moduan 风之末端", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Yangjin Lamu 央今拉姆

娜姆 (n.)

Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 仙女
Meaning in English: goddess
Example: 尼玛这个名字是太阳的意思，当然不能落在孩子的头上。娜姆又是仙女的名字，这富有封建迷信的色彩，更不能用在孩子的身上。
Reference: 82, "Yimuqiongqiong依姆琼琼", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Yixi Zeren意西泽仁

乃 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གནས།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 具有殊胜加持力的圣地
Meaning in English: blessed holyland
Example: 许多雪山及其周边被开辟为“乃”一即具有殊胜加持力的圣地。
Reference: 222, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

耐 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ནས།
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 青稞
Meaning in English: highland barley
Reference: 47, "Geyao zhong de Xianggelila qingke wenhua歌谣中的香格里拉青稞文化", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Bai Yuxian白玉先

南门玛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ནམ་
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 天界女子
Meaning in English: lady from the paradise
Example: 南门玛，您从天界降临，我作为一名地上之人表示欢迎。Footnote 南门玛：意为“天界女子”。
Reference: 10, Fury of the Shambhala 骚动的香巴拉, 扎西达娃

能农拉 (n.)

Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 圣地内宫门
Meaning in English: outer gate of the holy place
Reference: 283, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

尼 (n.)

Category: body
Meaning in Chinese: 根子
Meaning in English: root
Example: 骨头，在我们这里是一个很重要的词，与其同义的另一个词叫做根子。
根子是一个短促的词：“尼。”
骨头则是一个骄傲的词： “辖日。”
Reference: 10, Red Poppies 尘埃落定, Alai 阿来

尼叫扎卓 (n.)

Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 圣地外小石山
Meaning in English: rock hill outside the holy place
Reference: 283, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

尼鲁 (n.)

Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 一种花
Meaning in English: a kind of flower
Example: 他们歌唱，嬉戏，然后剜一簇又一簇鲜艳的鲜花，这一丛叫香阿拉东，那一丛叫扎果梅朵，还有拉玛日角，尖玛梅朵，角玛卡罗，还有尼鲁，阿伊鲁，还有那一团团毛茸茸、轻绵绵、一吹就散的阿就，被风飘起，飘向遥遥无垠的山峦……
Reference: 228, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

尼玛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཉི་མ།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 太阳
Meaning in English: sun
Example: 尼玛这个名字是太阳的意思，当然不能落在孩子的头上。娜姆又是仙女的名字，这富有封建迷信的色彩，更不能用在孩子的身上。
Reference: 82, "Yimuqiongqiong依姆琼琼", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Yixi Zeren意西泽仁

尼玛拉萨 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཉི་མ་ལྷ་ས།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 对太阳城发誓
Meaning in English: swear to the City of Sun
Example: 云登按捺不住内心的激动发誓：“尼玛拉萨（对太阳城发誓），就是脚踩湿牛皮，头顶大藏经，口喝牛鲜血，向佛、法、僧三宝发誓，我一定要娶她！”
Reference: 28, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

尼你 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྙིང་མེད།
Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 无胆
Meaning in English: without guts
Example: 尼你——无胆；
Reference: 34, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

尼撒得 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཉལ་ས་བདེ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 晚上好
Meaning in English: good evening
Example: “尼撒得（晚上好）”，“尼撒得。”
Reference: 119, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

尼苏 (v.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ངལ་གསོ།
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 休息
Meaning in English: rest
Reference: 200, "Deqin de 'Kajiayi' 德钦的'卡佳意' ", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Yongji Zhuoma永基卓玛

年卡 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཉ་ག
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 旧时拉萨称量酥油的单位
Meaning in English: weight unit used to measure ghee in Lhasa in the past
Example: 让我上街买三“年卡”的酥油、一斤牛肉和一捆葱。
Reference: 107, "Manman zhuanjing lu漫漫转经路", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Dejicuomu德吉措姆

娘哇 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 活动组织者
Meaning in English: organizer of an event
Reference: 266, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

捏热 (n.)

Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 羊毛被
Meaning in English: wool quilt
Example: 女人拼命地抓住捏热（羊毛被）一角……
Reference: 55, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

捏细 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ངའི་བྱིས།
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 我的孩子
Meaning in English: my child
Reference: 190, "Baimalacuo, zhuangman aiqing de hushui白玛拉措，装满爱情的湖水", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Yangjin Lamu 央今拉姆

涅巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཉེར་པ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 管家
Meaning in English: steward
Example: 一会儿去把呷玛龙央涅巴（管家）和仲衣生根涅巴叫来，说我有要事安排。
Reference: 3, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

涅赤赞普 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཉའ་ཁྲི་བཙན་པོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 颈座之王
Meaning in English: literal meaning: king of neck bracket
Example: 那十二位聪明的放牧少年将这位用手指天的人放在木头座位上，用脖颈将他抬回家，让他当了王，称为涅赤赞普（颈座之王）。
Reference: 45, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

涅仲 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཉེ་དྲུང་།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 秘书
Meaning in English: secretary
Example: 第二天上午，土司慢条斯理地喝过早餐，仆人精细认真地给他梳妆打扮了一阵，便吩咐几个随从包括涅巴会议里专事记录文案的“涅仲”（秘书）到行刑房去了，土司爷终于要亲自提审凶手坚赞了。
Reference: 98, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

宁洁 (adj.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྙིང་རྗེ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 可怜
Meaning in English: poor
Reference: 166, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

宁玛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྙིང་མ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chine宁玛，西藏喇嘛教派的一种，意为红色古老，也称红教。se:
Meaning in English: a school of Tibetan Buddhism
Example: 不久又爬上一位宁玛教的高僧，扬言要在此隐居三年零三个月。Footnote: 宁玛，西藏喇嘛教派的一种，意为红色古老，也称红教。
Reference: 151，Tibet: the Mysterious Years 西藏—隐秘岁月, Selected Stories by Tashi Dawa: English-Chinese 扎西达娃小说选：英汉对照., Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

浓性 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྣུམ་ས།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 油地
Meaning in English: oil land
Reference: 48, "Geyao zhong de Xianggelila qingke wenhua歌谣中的香格里拉青稞文化", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Bai Yuxian白玉先

弄当格农 (n/a)

Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 西走兽
Meaning in English: west represents beast
Example: 西面称”弄当格农”，意为西走兽，上面刻有14种长犄角的野生动物；
Reference: 228, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

弄伦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རླུང་གནོན།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 江察地区寺庙名（镇风）
Meaning in English: a temple in Jiangcha
Example: 又在右掌心上修建了“江察”地区的“弄伦”（意为镇风）寺，左掌心上修建了“康”区的“登龙堂度母”寺，右足心上修建了“芒裕（隅）”地区的“绛真”寺（意为慈云寺）。
Reference: 17, "Tanfang Simucun Monv wenhua探访斯木村“魔女”文化", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Lv Shaoyi吕昭义 & Hong Mei红梅

怒 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ནུབ།
Category: direction
Meaning in Chinese: 西方
Meaning in English: west
Reference: chapter 3, p7, " Cha he yan de gushi茶和盐的故事", Zangzu wenxue ziliao xuan藏族文学资料选

噢来 (adv.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འོ་ལས།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 就是嘛, 对嘛
Meaning in English: that's right
Reference: 163, "San erzi Dongshi jun三儿子东什君", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Zheng Deming郑德铭 and Li Xiaochong李孝充 (eds.)

哦多 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འུར་རྡོ།
Category: military and weapon
Meaning in Chinese: 抛石器
Meaning in English: sling
Example: 尼玛的死惊动了同村的人，他们不干了，几乎是全村的成年男人都出动了，在远房亲戚尼旺的带领下，村民带上棍棒、刀具和哦多（抛石器）包围了布布邛家。
Reference: 51, "Shui hun水魂", Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan 康巴文学甘孜卷, Dazhen 达真

哦尔多 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འུར་རྡོ།
Category: military and weapon
Meaning in Chinese: 抛石器
Meaning in English: sling
Reference: 249, "Wuzi de muge无字的牧歌", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Peng Yuehui 彭跃辉

哦叽 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འོ་རྒྱལ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 欢迎
Meaning in English: welcome
Example: “哦叽（欢迎），哦叽，尊敬的仁波切，扎西德勒。”
Reference: 83, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

哦毛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བུ་མོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 姑娘
Meaning in English: girl
Reference: 139, "Nima'aosai he Dawa'aosai 尼玛敖赛和达娃敖赛", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

哦婆哦婆 (interjection)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨ་བོ་ཨ་བོ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 感叹词
Meaning in English: interjection
Example: 拥青奶奶却“哦婆哦婆”（这是定姆特有的感叹词）地叹息道：“哦婆哦婆，我们哪里敢藏啊，都交了出去。现在，可咋办？”
Reference: 176, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

哦呀 (adv.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འོ་ཡ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 是的, 好的
Meaning in English: Yes, sir.
Example: 头人说：那你先到我妹妹拉措家去当佃农吧，也有个生计。
哦呀。绕登颤声回答。
Reference: 3, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

欧曲解莫獄 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ངས་འཐུང་རྒྱུ་མིན།
Category: sentence
Meaning in Chinese: 我好像不需要吃了
Meaning in English: I might not need to eat anymore.
Example: 人家请喝茶、吃饭，我吃饱喝足了，客气地说“欧通解没扎，欧曲解莫獄，那意思翻译起来就是“我好像不需要喝了，我好像不需要吃了”
Reference: 33, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

欧通解没扎 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: only identify "通" as
འཐུང་ (to drink)
Category: sentence
Meaning in Chinese: 我好像不需要喝了
Meaning in English: I might not need to drink anymore.
Example: 人家请喝茶、吃饭，我吃饱喝足了，客气地说“欧通解没扎，欧曲解莫獄，那意思翻译起来就是“我好像不需要喝了，我好像不需要吃了”
Reference: 33, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

帕尔廓 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བར་སྐོར།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 中圈
Meaning in English: middle circle
Reference: 70, lasa hongchen拉萨红尘, Baima Nazhen白玛娜珍

帕具冈日噶布 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཕ་རྒྱུད་གངས་རི་དཀར་པོ།
Category: sentence
Meaning in Chinese: 父系如皑皑雪山般永世长存
Meaning in English: The paternal line lasts forever like snow mountains.
Example: 在德钦澜沧江流域的民间“单协”（一种盛行于民间的历史传统讲述形式，为民间文学之口述文学）中会讲到“帕具冈日噶布”，意即“父系如皑皑雪山般永世长存”。
Reference: 222, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

旁罗 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཕང་ལོ།
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 捻线的线砣
Meaning in English: a tool used to make threads
Reference: 75, "She de qizi蛇的妻子", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

批 (n.)

Category: measurement
Meaning in Chinese: 藏族量粮工具
Meaning in English: a tool used to measure grain by Tibetan people
Example: 他吩咐老管家奖赏给她俩一人一件氆氇袍子，两张羊皮，七批青稞（“批”为藏族量粮工具）
Reference: 112, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

颇瓦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཕོ་བ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 一种密宗法术, 字面意思为“意识的转换”
Meaning in English: a Tantric spell. Literal meaning is "transition of mind"
Reference: 207, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

铺巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཕོར་པ།
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 藏族常用的木碗
Meaning in English: wooden bowl that Tibetan people often use
Reference: 15, "领着你吧又害羞Ling zhe ni ba you haixiu", Zangzu wenxue zuopin xuan 藏族文学作品选

普姆 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བུ་མོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 女孩
Meaning in English: girl
Example: 原来是一个高个儿藏兵正在欺侮一个梳“江罗头”的十四五岁的小“普姆”，把她逼在墙根上。
Reference: 100, "Manman zhuanjing lu漫漫转经路", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Dejicuomu德吉措姆

普琼 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བུ་ཆུང་།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 小男孩
Meaning in English: little boy
Reference: 272, Lasa hongchen拉萨红尘, Baima Nazhen 白玛娜珍

氆氇 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྤུ་ཕྲུག
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 是藏族人民手工生产的一种毛织品, 多用羊毛制作。
Meaning in English: a Tibetan handmade woollen
Example: 阿妈在世时给我的一件破旧的灰氆氇袍子。
Reference: 18, "Qigai乞丐", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, ye shes bstan 'dzin 益希单增

其加尼麦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཁྱི་སྐྱག
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 狗屎
Meaning in English: dogshit
Example: 刚才章浪寺大门虚开钻进去的那个人就是滋事首领其加尼麦（狗屎之意）派出的联络员。
Reference: 152, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

其米 (adj.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འཆི་མེད།
Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 长寿
Meaning in English: longevous
Example: 他一边敷药，一边回味着他和这头牛——“其米比嘎”中“其米”指长寿，而“比嘎”就是指这瘦骨嶙峋的小牛。“其米”是活佛对他的祝福，而“比嘎”是村里人对他和这头牛的“厚爱”。
Reference: 515, "Qimibiga其米比嘎", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Luosang Zhuoma洛桑卓玛

起草 (v.)

Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 交配
Meaning in English: copulate
Example: “它一整天都烦躁不安，恐怕是到了起草（交配）的季节了。”
Reference: 223, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

羌波 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཆང་ཕུད།
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 一种酒
Meaning in English: a kind of wine
Example: 酒用的是前面所说的“羌波”酒，酒杯是用称为“洋子”的木制的高脚大碗。
Reference: 33, "Zoujin Zangnan qunshanxiagu ji Menbazu de wenhua shenchu走进藏南群山峡谷及门巴族的文化深处", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Lv Shaoyi吕昭义 & Hong Mei红梅

羌塘 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བྱང་ཐང་།
Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 北方草原
Meaning in English: prairie in the north
Example: 祖辈的牧场遗留在“羌塘”
注：“羌塘”为藏语音译，意为北方草原。
Reference: 263, "Nanqian beigui 南迁 北归", Kangba wenxue diqing Juan康巴文学迪庆卷, Qiongka'er·Zhaxidengzhu 琼卡尔·扎西邓珠

强巴（佛） (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བྱམས་པ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 弥勒佛
Meaning in English: Maitreya
Example: 在一片欢乐的赞美声中，人类的未来佛被抬出来了，它叫弥勒佛，藏语称强巴佛……
Reference: 384, Fury of the Shambhala 骚动的香巴拉, Tashi Dawa扎西达娃

呛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཆང་།
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 一种青稞酒
Meaning in English: one type of highland barley wine
Reference: 24, “Basha巴莎”, Qingmeizhuoma 青梅卓玛, Liu Ke刘克

乔康 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མཆོད་ཁང།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 专门用来供佛的房间
Meaning in English: temple, chapel
Example: 天色很阴。桑丹卓玛一早起来，走进乔康。
乔康是专门用来供佛的房间。
Reference: 69, 393, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

乔玛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཕྱེ་མར།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 供品
Meaning in English: a kind of offering
Example: 供桌上摆满了乔玛，所谓乔玛，就是供品，有各式各样的干果，藏式点心，有青稞和四瑞和睦图组成的斗供。
Reference: 98, 54, 158, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

巧 (v.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མཆོད།
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 吃
Meaning in English: eat
Example: 父亲叫“阿觉”，姐姐、哥哥们只要比自己岁数大，又不能称为叔叔阿姨的，都可以唤作“阿巴”，叔叔叫“阿木”，阿姨叫“阿松”，阿婆叫“阿斯”，吃叫“巧”……
Reference: 33, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

巧莎 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: X་ས།
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 用活佛的尿拌着黄土制成的“药”, 意即尿土。
Meaning in English: the medicine made of mixture of Living Buddha's urine and loess
Example: 她说隆珠给了巧莎，把我们上的药和纱布也扔在门口了。
Reference: 11, "Jixiang de caihong 吉祥的彩虹", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册 ,'jam dpal rgya mtsho 降边嘉措

切玛盒 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཕྱེ་མར་སྦོ།
Category: tradition
Meaning in Chinese: 一种新年或喜庆日子里用的斗形装饰盒
Meaning in English: a box of food and flags using for celebration
Example: 在此良辰，次仁吉姆端来了一壶茶，两碗新磨的糌粑和两碗新鲜酥油，端来一只插着青稞苗的“切玛”盒，向供奉的佛像一一敬献三次，两人祝祷。
Reference: 271，Tibet: the Mysterious Years 西藏—隐秘岁月, Selected Stories by Tashi Dawa: English-Chinese 扎西达娃小说选：英汉对照., Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

钦点 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བྱིན་ལྡན།
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 神物
Meaning in English: holy object
Reference: 204, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

穷波 (n.)

Category: body
Meaning in Chinese: 屁股
Meaning in English: buttock(s)
Example: 当尼玛（太阳）晒到穷波（屁股）的时候，绒巴才在涅巴的呼唤中睁开双眼，他清清发干的嗓子，意识到昨天晚上喝多了。
Reference: 46, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

琼 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཆང་།
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 低度青稞酒
Meaning in English: low-alcohol highland barley wine
Reference: 203, "Dayang wei mei大羊为美", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Yongji zhuoma永基卓玛

曲 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མཆོད།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 供养
Meaning in English: offering
Reference: 265, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

曲尺崩顶 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཆོས་ཁྲི་
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 法台坝
Meaning in English: Fatai Flatland
Reference: 283, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

曲堆 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཆོས་འདོན།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 诵经师，掌握法事仪轨
Meaning in English: a religious practitioner who chants sutras
Reference: 263, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

曲吉嘎娃 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཆོས་ཀྱི་དགའ་བ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 法之所喜
Meaning in English: dharma joy
Reference: chapter 6, p4, "Introduction of Zhengwan Dawa郑宛达哇简介", Zangzu wenxue ziliao xuan 藏族文学资料选

曲拉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཕྱུར་བ།
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 奶制品, 可用其制作干酪索。
Meaning in English: diary product, can be used to make cheese
Example: 给商场、工厂画广告牌，办曲拉加工厂……
Reference: 222, "Fengling · Hui ge · suyoudeng风铃 · 灰鸽 · 酥油灯", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, 扎西东珠 Zhaxi Dongzhu

曲美 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མཆོད་མེ།
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 酥油灯
Meaning in English: ghee lamp
Example: 哦，记住曲美（酥油灯）要用干净的白布包好。我们去趟吉巴寺院。
Reference: 432, "Qimingxing启明星", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Zhaxicuo扎西措

曲名 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མཆོད་མེ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 长明灯
Meaning in English: altar lamp which burns day and night
Example: 在赤松德赞法王前排列供品有：牛奶、羌（发酵过而未经蒸馏的藏酒）、茶水等三甜，七盏净水钵，两盏水钵后有鲜花、毕（香柏树根做的敬香）、曲名（长明灯），再一盏水钵后夏森（六谷混合做成的面食）。
Reference: 227, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

曲纽崩顶 (n.)

Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 法源宫草坪
Meaning in English: lawn of Fayuan Palace
Reference: 283, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

曲西岗珠 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཆུ་བཞི་སྒང་དྲུག
Category: institution
Meaning in Chinese: 四水六岗
Meaning in English: Chushi Gangdruk
Example: 曲西岗珠（四水六岗）来了……
Reference: 19, "Qigai乞丐", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, ye shes bstan 'dzin 益希单增

冉母钦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ར་མོ་ཆེ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 小昭寺
Meaning in English: Ramoche Temple
Example: 嫫啦又带我到“租拉康”（大昭寺）ཇོ་ཁང和“冉母钦”（小昭寺）ར་མོ་ཆེ་དགོན་པ添灯烧香，磕长头转大嘛呢。
Reference: 102, "Manman zhuanjing lu漫漫转经路", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Dejicuomu德吉措姆

让莫 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རིང་མོ།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 良田
Meaning in English: fertile land
Reference: chapter 8, p63, "Lijian离间", Selected chapter of Langsha Guniang, 朗莎姑娘, Zangzu wenxue ziliao xuan 藏族文学资料选

热巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རལ་པ།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 流传在我国藏区的一种由铃鼓舞为主，伴有舞蹈、朗诵、戏剧、杂技、气功、武术为一体的综合表演艺术
Meaning in English: a Tibetan dance that features drum and bell
Reference: 68, "Geda hu ba ye疙瘩虎八爷", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Chala Duji查拉独几

热拉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རིང་ལྭ།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 藏衣长袍
Meaning in English: Tibetan style long gown
Reference: 168, "Lang qi狼妻", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

热玛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རིལ་མ།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 羊粪球
Meaning in English: sheep-dung ball
Example: 我的女主人叫我“白巴”——癞蛤蟆，或者叫“热玛”——羊粪球。
Reference: 17, "Qigai乞丐", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, ye shes bstan 'dzin 益希单增

仁宝切 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རིན་པོ་ཆེ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 很宝贵的人
Meaning in English: literal meaning: precious and dear person. It is used to address Living Buddha
Reference: 160, "San erzi Dongshi jun三儿子东什君", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Zheng Deming郑德铭 and Li Xiaochong李孝充 (eds.)

仁波切 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རིན་པོ་ཆེ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 意指"珍宝"或"宝贝"。这是广大藏族信教群众对活佛敬赠的最亲切、最为推崇的一种尊称。
Meaning in English: literal meaning: precious and dear person. It is used to address Living Buddha
Example: 晒着太阳的老人们的念咒声、蓄有长辫的密咒师的敲鼓声、头戴黄冠的仁波切（又称“活佛”）的诵经声……
Reference: 227, "Xueyu, linghun de shijie 雪域, 灵魂的世界", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Aning · Zhaxidongzhu阿宁 · 扎西东主(author) and Jiumei Duojie久美多杰(translator)

仁布杰 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རིན་པོ་ཆེ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 活佛
Meaning in English: literal meaning: precious and dear person. It is used to address Living Buddha
Reference: 112, "Liulanger Suolang流浪儿索郎", Qingmeizhuoma 青梅卓玛, Guo Chaoren郭超人

仁布钦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: 
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 活佛
Meaning in English: literal meaning: precious and dear person. It is used to address Living Buddha
Reference: 19, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

日巴达叫 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བཞི་བའི་དར་ལྕོག
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 四月射箭节
Meaning in English: April Archery Festival
Reference: 265, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

日本 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རི་སྤུན།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 大山的兄弟
Meaning in English: brother of the mountain
Example: 索尔玛家族的族长叫日本，日本不是东洋日本，日本在藏语中是大山的兄弟的意思。
Reference: 245, "Xiangbala de youhuo 香巴拉的诱惑", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Caidan才旦

日达 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རི་བདག
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 土地的主人, 即神山
Meaning in English: land owner
Example: 在藏语中，把神山称之为“日达”，即土地的主人。
Reference: 222, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

日告 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རི་མགོ
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 隐秘之地
Meaning in English: a secluded place
Reference: 261, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

日基 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རིགས་སྤྱི།
Category: institution
Meaning in Chinese: 负责布施的机构
Meaning in English: institutions for alms giving
Example: 如有的是哲蚌寺日基（负责布施的机构）的差民，有的是色拉寺“麦”札仓的差民，有的是贵族绕噶厦的差民等。
Reference: 8, "Wode jiaxiang - Menyu我的家乡——门隅", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yixi Chilie益西赤烈

日松贡布 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རིགས་གསུམ་མགོན་པོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 文殊菩萨，四臂观音和金刚手
Meaning in English: the three meditation deities Avalokitesvara, Manjusri and Vajrapani.
Example: 斯巴霍图的正上方为文殊菩萨，四臂观音和金刚手，藏人称为“日松贡布”。
Reference: 346, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

绒对 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཟུངས་བསྡུས།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 藏传佛教僧侣必修的初级经书
Meaning in English: required junior diploma of Tibetan Buddhist
Example: 十七岁的泽仁顿巴骑着高高的碉楼土墙，大声捧读着“绒对”经卷（藏传佛教僧侣必修的初级经书），细密的阳光在绛红色的袈裟上闪耀，像是附在上面的薄薄一层水汽。
Reference: 102, "Xuebeng雪崩", Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan 康巴文学甘孜卷, Waxi洼西

绒工 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རི་མགོ
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 土坡之上
Meaning in English: on the slope
Example: 绒工意为土坡之上
Reference: 7, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

入普 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རུབ།
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 集合
Meaning in English: gathering
Reference: 49, "Dachairen yu longnv 打柴人与龙女", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Lin Hongsen林洪森 (ed.)

若新 (n.)

Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 青稞架
Meaning in English: Highland barley stand
Reference: 50, "Geyao zhong de Xianggelila qingke wenhua歌谣中的香格里拉青稞文化", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Bai Yuxian白玉先

萨 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ས།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 地
Meaning in English: land
Example: 朗（天），仍然是我的朗，萨（地），仍然是我的萨，眼前的一切还是属于我多吉旺登，土司忽然心血来潮，命侍从把所有带在身上的五色风马旗撒向空中，自己则策马狂奔起来，还一面高吼着“拉赛罗（神胜利了）!拉赛罗……”
Reference: 97, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

萨达 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ས་བདག
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 土地神
Meaning in English: God of the Land
Reference: 263, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

萨嘎 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ས་དཀར།
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 用白灰粉刷房子
Meaning in English: paint house with white lime powder
Example: 让人担心的房差之一——刷“萨嘎”（用白灰粉刷房子）又该轮到了。
Reference: 105, "Manman zhuanjing lu漫漫转经路", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Dejicuomu德吉措姆

萨聚 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ས་བཅུད།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 地脂
Meaning in English: an element of soil that has magic power
Example: 荣中村的阿曲丁珍老师讲到“萨聚” （“萨聚”可做地脂理解）：从土地里产出的食物，过去吃一点点就饱，可是现在吃很多都感觉没吃饱，而且有害人畜的健康。
Reference: 223, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

赛毛措 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སེར་མོ་མཚོ།
Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 金子湖
Meaning in English: Lake of Gold
Reference: 69, "She de qizi蛇的妻子", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

桑 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བསངས།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 煨桑是藏族最盛行的一种宗教仪式, 用松柏叶、坎巴花、糌粑以香料点燃祭神。“桑”本意为“清洗、消除、驱除”等净化之意
Meaning in English: Sang, literbal meaning is "cleansing and expeling". On festivals Tibetan people would burn "Sang"(branches of pine and cypress and other palnts) to honor gods.
Reference: 80, Realm 界, Ciren Luobu 次仁罗布

桑 𠯫 帕里 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སང་ག་བག་ལེབ།
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 用精麺炸成的粿子, 雪白酥脆、香甜, 是拉萨人节日喜爱的一种点心。 据说这种点心是尼泊尔传来的。
Meaning in English: dessert made of fried flour that is very popular on festivals in Lhasa
Example: 「當時你吃的是什麼？」
「桑𠯫帕里。」他記得很清楚。
Reference: 223, “Basang he ta de dimei men巴桑和她的弟妹们", Xizang, yinmi suiyue西藏, 隐秘岁月, Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

桑多几白热 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཟངས་མདོག་དཔལ་རི།
Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 吉祥铜色山
Meaning in English: Blessed Bronze Mountain
Reference: 282, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

桑说 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བསང་།
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 燃料
Meaning in English: fuel
Example: 在德钦地区多以侧柏枝叶作为煨桑的“桑说”（燃料），在煨桑时撒上经过清洗过的五谷，再以清水加以洁净。
Reference: 224, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

桑套 (n.)

Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 瓶形泥灶
Meaning in English: clay oven that resembles the shape of a bottle
Example: 各户日常的煨桑活动，除每天早晨在自家屋顶的“桑套” （瓶形泥灶）烧香外，逢初五、初八、初十、初十五、二十、三十，及羊日、牛日和有“松格”（经星相学推算出来的宜于敬香的日子）到位于村子附近山头的煨桑点敬香，敬香祈祷依各自的表达能力，内容大致为赞颂主山神及其眷属和村内各神山，对得到的庇佑表达谢意，并祈求人畜平安，事业兴旺。
Reference: 225, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

桑耶 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བསམ་ཡས།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 思量无际（桑耶贡巴的缩写）
Meaning in English: infinite consciousness
Example: 据存藏桑耶寺书库里的古老经书所载，一个多年前乌仗那的阿阇黎·伯玛炯勒莲花生大师就在哲拉山顶上携带他的两个仙女化身的妻子驾着喷吐五色火焰的飞车离开西藏驶向了南方，神奇的火焰在平原中央喷出一个大圆坑，日后便形成了一座碧蓝的湖。
Reference: 195，Tibet: the Mysterious Years 西藏—隐秘岁月, Selected Stories by Tashi Dawa: English-Chinese 扎西达娃小说选：英汉对照., Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

桑珠林 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བསམ་གྲུབ་གླིང་།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 如愿成就
Meaning in English: realize dreams and make achievements
Example: 那经堂取“如愿成就”之意，故名桑珠林，寺庙也因此得名。一般人都叫它“吾则拉康”。小卧室名叫“甘登林”。
Reference: 58, "San zimei 三姊妹" , Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, lhag pa phun tshogs拉巴平措 (author) and Zhaoqun Li李朝群 (translator)

色赤巴 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གསེར་ཁྲི་པ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 赌咒之语, 作者推断是“金座”之意
Meaning in English: take an oath. The author speculates the literal meaning is "golden throne"
Example: 阿尼终于火冒三丈，说：你，色赤巴（这是村庄的一个俚语，我猜测这可能是一种赌咒之语，从村庄的发音推断像是“金座”之意，或许是以甘丹赤巴金座而起誓），夏超·志美，我向三宝发誓，我从未偷过公社的一滴酥油噢。
Reference: 192, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

色拉麻呷则 (n/a)

Category: sentence
Example: 一会儿，竹子的第一节爆了，爆在大儿子斯沙身上，把他烫痛了，叫了一声“色拉麻呷则”，盘脚坐在地上。后来，他成了藏族的祖先。
Reference: 32, Hongshui chaotian de gushi洪水潮天的故事, Yizu minjian gushi xuan彝族民间故事选, Li Dejun李德君 & Tao Xueliang陶学良.

色嫫 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྲས་མོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 妖精，仙女
Meaning in English: witch, female demon/ spirit/ ghost
Example: 她的面孔永远白里泛红，眼睛像清澈而又幽深的水潭。褴褛的衣衫下，她蛇一样的身段款款而动，让人想起深潭里传说的身子柔滑的怪物。就在机村背后半山上松林环绕的巨大台地中，的确有这样一个深潭。那个潭叫做色嫫措。

色嫫是妖精，措是湖。色嫫措就是妖怪湖。
Reference: 148, 130, 152, 241, 249, 253, 257, 265, 267, 285, Kongshan 空山（上）, Alai阿来

色姆 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྲས་མོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 公主
Meaning in English: princess
Example: 人们看到土司家气派的大门顶檐上已经搁了块红色石块，知道这就是说土司家里又添了个女孩，一个漂亮的小色姆（公主）。
Reference: 4, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

色目汤旦笼巴 (n.)

Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 地名，大家镇压女妖的地方
Meaning in English: a place where people suppressed the female demon
Example: 人们从此又过上幸福的生活，并把这个地方改名为“色目汤旦笼巴”（大家镇压女妖的地方）。
Reference: 410, Zhen nvyao镇女妖, Luobazu Menbazu minjian gushi xuan珞巴族门巴族民间故事选.

僧 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སེང་།
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 狮子
Meaning in English: lion
Reference: 80, "Chapter 8 Dawang chuzheng Jiaoguo shi, wangfei zhijian qi koujiao (Gesa'erwang)（八）大王出征交国事, 王妃之间起口角（格萨尔王）", Zangzu wenxue zuopin xuan 藏族文学作品选 Zangzu wenxue zuopin xuan

沙普 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཤ་ཕོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 朋友
Meaning in English: friend
Reference: 151,"Zhubaluohe yu tongnian 珠巴洛河与童年", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Sina Jundeng斯那俊登

厦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཤག
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 僧舍
Meaning in English: Buddhist monk's dormitory
Reference: 14, Realm 界, Ciren Luobu 次仁罗布

舍帝 (n.)

Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 锁
Meaning in English: lock
Example: 在他肩上不停捣蛋的猴子是尔老爷的宠物，名叫“舍帝”（锁）。
Reference: 19, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

什巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཤན་པ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 屠户
Meaning in English: butcher
Reference: Chapter1, p3, "Shiba kaitianpidi ge什巴开天辟地歌", Zangzu wenxue ziliao xuan 藏族文学资料选

生巴永拉尕雄 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སེམས་པ་ཡོངས་ལ་དགའ་བྱུང་།
Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 心里十分高兴
Meaning in English: feel very happy
Reference: 13, "Yingrao xinling de gesheng萦绕心灵的歌声", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Sina Nongbu斯那农布

生格赞普 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སེང་གེ་བཙན་པོ།
Category: name
Meaning in Chinese: 狮子王，即唐太宗
Meaning in English: King of Lion
Example: 复与汉地皇帝太宗“生格赞普”（意为“狮子王”）的文成公主结了婚，由公主迎请来幻现的释迦牟尼佛像（十二岁时身量）。
Reference: 16, "Tanfang Simucun Monv wenhua探访斯木村“魔女”文化", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Lv Shaoyi吕昭义 & Hong Mei红梅

书古 (n.)

Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 栎树
Meaning in English: robur
Reference: 200, "Deqin de 'Kajiayi' 德钦的'卡佳意' ", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Yongji Zhuoma永基卓玛

书古尼苏 (v.)

Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 积肥
Meaning in English: accumulate fertility
Reference: 200, "Deqin de 'Kajiayi' 德钦的'卡佳意' ", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Yongji Zhuoma永基卓玛

属都 (n.)

Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 石头一样结实的奶酪
Meaning in English: cheese as hard as rock
Reference: 262, "Pudacuo qingyuan普达措情缘", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Peng Yuehui 彭跃辉

斯巴霍 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྲིད་པ་འཁོར་ལོ།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 生死轮回图
Meaning in English: thanka which has the wheel of life in the center
Example: 前院的小佛堂里，早早地挂上了吉祥的“斯巴霍——生死轮回图”，图中央是藏人算学中著名的算学幻方：数字为4、9、2和3、5、7，及8、1、6，排成三排，不管横加还是竖加，得出的结果都是十五这个奇妙的数字。
Reference: 346, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

斯零姜巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སི་ལིང་ལྗང་པ།
Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 一种草名, 藏族常用以比喻女子的美发。
Meaning in English: name of a plant. Tibetan people often compare a lady's beautifal hair to it.
Example: 太太的长辫呀像“斯零姜巴”。
Reference: 98, "Manman zhuanjing lu漫漫转经路", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Dejicuomu德吉措姆

斯木 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྲིན་མོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 魔女、女妖
Meaning in English: female demon
Example: 斯木即“魔女”、“女妖”之意。
Reference: 14, "Tanfang Simucun Monv wenhua探访斯木村“魔女”文化", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Lv Shaoyi吕昭义 & Hong Mei红梅

斯木然 (n.)

Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 山名（女妖街）
Meaning in English: name of a mountain
Example: 此外离现在勒乡不远的一座山叫做斯木然，意即女妖街，也是一个女妖聚集之地。
Reference: 18, "Tanfang Simucun Monv wenhua探访斯木村“魔女”文化", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Lv Shaoyi吕昭义 & Hong Mei红梅

斯那巴些 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བསོད་ནམས་འབབ་ཆུ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 福运瀑布
Meaning in English: "happiness waterfall"
Reference: 284, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

寺人布 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྲིན་པོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 佛教中吃人魔鬼“罗刹”
Meaning in English: Rakshasa
Reference: 67, "Youqingren zhong cheng juanshu有情人终成眷属", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

松 (number.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གསུམ།
Category: measurement
Meaning in Chinese: 三
Meaning in English: three
Example: 他掰起指头“几（一）、里（二）、松（三）……”地算过。
Reference: 134, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

松巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཟོན་པ།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 一种花纹美丽的藏鞋
Meaning in English: Tibetan-style shoe with beautiful pattern
Reference: 63, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

松格 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བསང་དགེ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 宜于敬香的日子
Meaning in English: date that is suitable for offering of incense
Example: 各户日常的煨桑活动，除每天早晨在自家屋顶的“桑套” （瓶形泥灶）烧香外，逢初五、初八、初十、初十五、二十、三十，及羊日、牛日和有“松格”（经星相学推算出来的宜于敬香的日子）到位于村子附近山头的煨桑点敬香，敬香祈祷依各自的表达能力，内容大致为赞颂主山神及其眷属和村内各神山，对得到的庇佑表达谢意，并祈求人畜平安，事业兴旺。
Reference:  225, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

松老 (adj.)

Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 轻浮不实
Meaning in English: flighty
Example: 松老——轻浮不实之意；
Reference: 34, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

宋旺 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྲུང་དབང་།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 红色绳带的护身符
Meaning in English: amulet with red string
Example: 给每一位参战者发活佛吹过气的“宋旺”（红色绳带的护身符）和青稞，作为参战者的护身符。
Reference: 50, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

速巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སོ་པ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 调停人
Meaning in English: mediator
Example: 昌旺土司和浪波土司带领各自的孜克巴和速巴（调停人）如约而至。
Reference: 52, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

索 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཟོག
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 牛
Meaning in English: cattle
Example: 大家不记得他的名字，只叫他索，索是所有牛的藏语统称。
Reference: 330, "Muchang renwu erti牧场人物二题", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Yin Xiangdong尹向东

索吉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སོག་བྱིལ།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 长条耳坠
Meaning in English: Long earrings
Example: 索吉（长条耳坠）胖子的风筝真漂亮。
Reference: 271, "Fengzheng · Suiyue · wangshi 风筝 · 岁月 · 往事", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Pingcuo Zhaxi平措扎西 (author) and 班丹 (translator)

汤叫 (n.)

Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 坝外
Meaning in English: ouside "ba" (plain, dam)
Reference: 48, "Geyao zhong de Xianggelila qingke wenhua歌谣中的香格里拉青稞文化", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Bai Yuxian白玉先

唐卡 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཐང་ག
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 金绣织品
Meaning in English: Tibetan scroll painting (thanka).
Example: 西墙和北墙上挂满了金绣织品，藏语叫唐卡。
Reference: 98, 148, 378, 406, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

天加 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཐང་རྐྱལ།
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 揉糌粑的羊皮袋子
Meaning in English: sheepskin bag used to knead roasted barley flour
Reference: 15, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

突甘斯 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མདོ་ཁམས།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 东部藏区
Meaning in English: Eastern Tibet (Amdo and Kham)
Example: 然后，他把碑文用汉文一字一字念给舅舅听，师所生之地曰突甘斯旦麻，童子出家，事圣师绰理哲哇为弟子，受名胆巴。梵言胆巴，华言微妙。
Reference: 86, Moguquan蘑菇圈, Alai阿来

图吉切 (v.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 谢谢
Meaning in English: thanks
Example: 那两个人很歉意地看着我们，不停地说：“图吉切！图吉切！”他说的是“谢谢！谢谢！”
Reference: 101, "Xinling daoda de difang心灵到达的地方", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yayi亚依

土巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཐུག་པ།
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 在糌粑里加入一些肉、野菜之类, 做成的“稀饭”。
Meaning in English: porridge made of roasted barley flour, meat and vegetables
Example: 每逢聚餐场合，贵族们纷纷拔出小刀切割大块牦牛肉和绵羊肉，掏出木碗啜饮酥油茶或喝碎肉“土巴”。
Reference: 644, "Xuangua zai jinse mengjing li de tonghua悬挂在金色梦境里的童话", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Zhao Min赵敏

土吉其 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 谢谢
Meaning in English: Thank you
Example: 高志诚和其他两位同志向两位船工连声说：“土吉其！土吉其！”
Reference: 5, "Jixiang de caihong 吉祥的彩虹", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册 ,'jam dpal rgya mtsho 降边嘉措

瓦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྦྲ། 
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 帐篷
Meaning in English: tent
Example: 大的山包为“瓦切”，小的为“瓦琼”，“瓦”即帐篷之意，“切、琼”即“大、小”。
Reference: 603, "Waqie de talin he shuizang jingfan瓦切的塔林和水葬经幡", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Dechen Wangmo德干旺姆

瓦切 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྦྲ་ཆུང་།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 大山包
Meaning in English: big hill
Example: 大的山包为“瓦切”，小的为“瓦琼”，“瓦”即帐篷之意，“切、琼”即“大、小”。
Reference: 603, "Waqie de talin he shuizang jingfan瓦切的塔林和水葬经幡", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Dechen Wangmo德干旺姆

瓦琼 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྦྲ་ཆེན།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 小山包
Meaning in English: small hill
Example: 大的山包为“瓦切”，小的为“瓦琼”，“瓦”即帐篷之意，“切、琼”即“大、小”。
Reference: 603, "Waqie de talin he shuizang jingfan瓦切的塔林和水葬经幡", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Dechen Wangmo德干旺姆

完德 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བན་དེ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 刚开始学经的小喇嘛, 喇嘛的徒弟
Meaning in English: junior Buddhist monk
Reference: 172"Lama he Wande喇嘛和完德", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

完德 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བན་དེ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 沙弥
Meaning in English: acolyte
Example: 丹麻是老二，今年十九岁，他小时候出家进入衮巴寺当小完德（沙弥），已有十多年了。
Reference: 4, 99, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

望 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འོང་།
Category: agriculture
Meaning in Chinese: 耕地
Meaning in English: field
Example: 在藏语中，“望” 为耕地之意，果为“转圈”，“望果” 即为转庄稼地之意。
Reference: 35, "Zoujin Zangnan qunshanxiagu ji Menbazu de wenhua shenchu走进藏南群山峡谷及门巴族的文化深处", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Lv Shaoyi吕昭义 & Hong Mei红梅

望果 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འོང་སྐོར།
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 祈祷丰收的节日活动
Meaning in English: a summer festival involving walking around fields with religious objects to insure a good harvest.
Example: 在藏语中，“望” 为耕地之意，果为“转圈”，“望果” 即为转庄稼地之意。
Reference: 35, "Zoujin Zangnan qunshanxiagu ji Menbazu de wenhua shenchu走进藏南群山峡谷及门巴族的文化深处", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Lv Shaoyi吕昭义 & Hong Mei红梅

煨桑 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བསངས།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 烧柏枝
Meaning in English: incense
Example: 那里原来是座煨桑的祭台，因为挡住了汽车进村的路，被平掉了。
Reference: 71, Kongshan 空山（上）, Alai阿来

维玛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འོ་མ།
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 牛奶
Meaning in English: milk
Example: 当时，桑吉做梦也没想到这个门巴家清秀白皙被称作维玛（牛奶）的姑娘竟然会将他一脚踹下马背。
Reference: 424, "Feng zhi moduan 风之末端", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Yangjin Lamu 央今拉姆

卧多 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འུར་རྡོ།
Category: military and weapon
Meaning in Chinese: 藏区普遍使用的击石器具
Meaning in English: sling
Example: 骑手的腰间别着的绳索是黑白羊毛编织的牛皮卧多②，他们的队列和距离与其他队伍不同，呈梯形排列，便于手臂挥动卧多绳。②卧多：藏区普遍用的击石器具，射程可及百米以外。
Reference: 329, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

乌坚仁波切 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཨོ་རྒྱན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 莲花生大师身像
Meaning in English: statue of Padmasambhava
Reference: 284, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

西勒 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བྱི་ལུ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 儿子
Meaning in English: son
Example: “西勒（儿子），你把小牛犊的尸体收了。”
Reference: 534, "Senlin gou de yangguang森林沟的阳光", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Juenai · Yuncairang 觉乃 · 云才让

西列 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 年青人
Meaning in English: young man/woman
Reference: 160, "San erzi Dongshi jun三儿子东什君", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Zheng Deming郑德铭 and Li Xiaochong李孝充 (eds.)

西毛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཞི་མོ༏
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 藏族姑娘
Meaning in English: Tibetan girl
Reference: 71, "She de qizi蛇的妻子", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

西日姆 (n.)

Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 有四段的地
Meaning in English: four strips of land
Reference: 48, "Geyao zhong de Xianggelila qingke wenhua歌谣中的香格里拉青稞文化", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan shangce迪庆60年文学作品精选 上册, Bai Yuxian白玉先

西孙西米拉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཤི་གསོན་
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 生死界坡
Meaning in English: the slope that separates life and death
Reference: 282, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

希尔觉茸 (n.)

Category: time
Meaning in Chinese: 收获季节
Meaning in English: harvest season
Example: 奶奶转过脸紧盯着我：“好孙，你说全是我们的了，希尔觉茸？”
我点点头。“希尔觉茸”是收获季节的意思。
Reference: 202, Xi'erjuerong de xue 希尔觉茸的雪", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Xiaohong晓鸿

息瓦农 (n.)

Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 一千万兵马集合之地，大本营
Meaning in English: place where millions of military forces gather
Reference: 277, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

辖 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཤར།
Category: direction
Meaning in Chinese: 东方
Meaning in English: east
Reference: chapter 3, p7, " Cha he yan de gushi茶和盐的故事", Zangzu wenxue ziliao xuan藏族文学资料选

辖日 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཤ་རུས།
Category: body
Meaning in Chinese: 骨头
Meaning in English: bone
Example: 骨头，在我们这里是一个很重要的词，与其同义的另一个词叫做根子。
根子是一个短促的词：“尼。”
骨头则是一个骄傲的词： “辖日。”
Reference: 10, 12, Red Poppies 尘埃落定, Alai 阿来

下卡 (n.)

Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 活佛的袜子
Meaning in English: Living Buddha's sock
Example: 临辞别，弟弟向活佛求取“下卡”（活佛的袜子），活佛说：孩子，没用，能庇护啥？
Reference: 37, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

下着 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བཤད་སྒྲུབ།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 类似多口相声的取乐方式
Meaning in English: entertainment form, similar to comic dialogue
Example: 送亲者和迎娶者还要举行一个简短的会商，媒人当着双方的主要亲戚宣布嫁妆，确定举行“易该”即正式过门的时间，然后男人们一边吃喝一边斗嘴取乐——如同多口相声，有人称其为“笑宴”（河谷土语者叫：下着，“笑宴”后来公布为省级非物质文化遗产）。
Reference: 82, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

夏东霞仁 (n/a)

Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 东飞禽
Meaning in English: east represents birds
Example: 东面称“夏东霞仁”，意为东飞禽，上面刻有11种乌禽；
Reference: 228, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

夏诺多吉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཕྱག་ན་རྡོ་རྗེ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 金刚菩萨
Meaning in English: Vajradhara
Example: 这三个雪山是声名显赫的藏传佛教十三圣地之一，最高那座被尊为“仙乃日”，意为无量观音佛，其余两座是“央迈勇”和“夏诺多吉”，分别代表文殊菩萨和金刚手菩萨，是藏民世代膜拜的神山。
Reference: 130, "Xuebeng雪崩", Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan 康巴文学甘孜卷, Waxi洼西

夏无 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཞབས་ཕོར།
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 碗
Meaning in English: bowl
Example: 在我祖辈一代，明显地还带着外地的口音。比如，夏无——碗，觉——走，交——刀子，这些与本地方言相差很大。
Reference: 32, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

夏玉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཞབས་གཡོན།
Category: body
Meaning in Chinese: 右脚的敬语。
Meaning in English: courtesy expression of right foot
Example: 据传，莲花生大师路过此地见怒江汹涌，决定在此地修一座桥。可在哪里合适呢？他脱下右脚的鞋子扔进江中，鞋子冲到一处后停了下来，于是就在那里修了一座桥，称为夏玉桥（夏玉是藏语中右脚的敬语）。可怎么从夏玉桥变成加玉桥的呢？是否翻译转写有误，还是……谁也说不清楚，只有变成心中的一个谜团。
Reference: 656, "Jimo gudao lingsheng yuanqu寂寞古道铃声远去", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

仙乃日 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 无量观音佛
Meaning in English: Avalokitesvara
Example: 这三个雪山是声名显赫的藏传佛教十三圣地之一，最高那座被尊为“仙乃日”，意为无量观音佛，其余两座是“央迈勇”和“夏诺多吉”，分别代表文殊菩萨和金刚手菩萨，是藏民世代膜拜的神山。
Reference: 130, "Xuebeng雪崩", Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan 康巴文学甘孜卷, Waxi洼西

香阿拉东 (n.)

Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 一种花
Meaning in English: a kind of flower
Example: 他们歌唱，嬉戏，然后剜一簇又一簇鲜艳的鲜花，这一丛叫香阿拉东，那一丛叫扎果梅朵，还有拉玛日角，尖玛梅朵，角玛卡罗，还有尼鲁，阿伊鲁，还有那一团团毛茸茸、轻绵绵、一吹就散的阿就，被风飘起，飘向遥遥无垠的山峦……
Reference: 228, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

香巴拉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཤམྦྷ་ལ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 藏传佛教中所说的理想圣土
Meaning in English: Shambhala, a mythical kingdom in Tibetan Buddhist tradition
Example: “香巴拉，”他蠕动嘴唇，“战争已经开始。”
Reference: 7，A Soul in Bondage 系在皮绳扣上的魂, Selected Stories by Tashi Dawa: English-Chinese 扎西达娃小说选：英汉对照., Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

向当曲珍 (n/a)

Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 北水生动物
Meaning in English: north represents aquatic animal
Example: 北面称“向当曲珍”，意为北水生动物，上面刻有13种水生动物。
Reference: 228, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

象多贝里 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཟངས་མདོག་དཔལ་རི།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 天堂
Meaning in English: heaven
Example: 坐在儿子的“扎空”（寝室）里，望着这位绛红色的僧人，做母亲的反而不知道该说些什么。
Reference: 211, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

象牙叫 (n.)

Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 山背后
Meaning in English: behind the mountain
Reference: 215, "Chongcao chu zai wuyue 虫草出在五月", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Zhaxi Nima 扎西尼玛

协玛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཤད་མ།
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 最上等的氆氇
Meaning in English: Tibet wool of the highest class
Reference: 83, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

星罗 (n.)

Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 功德能量
Meaning in English: merits and virtues
Example: “加涅”和“卡瓦格博”因为奉行善业，具有丰厚旺盛而坚实的“星罗” （功德能量）
Reference: 229, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

雄雄 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཤང་ཤང་།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 传说中一种飞鼠的名字
Meaning in English: a flying rat in the legend
Reference: 281, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

学达 (n.)

Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 斗嘴笑宴
Meaning in English: teasing each other for fun
Example: 父亲想到那家热闹的锅庄场面，自己又将在男人中间“学达”（斗嘴笑宴），尽展无敌之口才，心一头的火焰就腾腾蹿跳不止。
Reference: 224, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

雪勒空 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཞོལ་ལས་ཁུངས།
Category: institution
Meaning in Chinese: 原西藏地方政府管理刑事案件的机构。
Meaning in English: institution that deals with criminal cases subordinated to former Tibetan local government
Example: 主人恼羞成怒，当场叫人拳打脚踢，把阿爸打得头破血流还不算，又捏造罪名，将他送进“雪勒空”。
Reference: 96, "Manman zhuanjing lu漫漫转经路", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Dejicuomu德吉措姆

哑啦 (adv.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཡ། ལགས།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 好, 是, 对。
Meaning in English: OK, yes.
Reference: 173"Lama he Wande喇嘛和完德", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

哑啦嗉 (adv.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཡ་ལགས་སོ། །
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 是, 对上级吩咐的回应
Meaning in English: Yes, sir.
Reference: 91, "Mafu qu gongzhu马夫娶公主", Qinghai Zangzu minjian gushi 青海藏族民间故事, Qiao Yongfu乔永福 and Dong Shaoxuan 董绍宣 (eds.)

雅拉索 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཡ་ལགས་སོ། །
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 好呀
Meaning in English: Okay
Reference: 110, "Xueshan daoban jiushi雪山道班旧事", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Yang Zengshi杨增适 (Bai ethnicity白族)

雅么松 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཡག་མོ་སོང་།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 慢走
Meaning in English: literal meaning: walk slowly. Words to say when seeing someone off
Example: 在“嘎勒，嘎勒，雅么松（慢走）”的送客声中，白阿佳同晚秋的风送走了最大一宗交易的藏商。
Reference: 65, 166, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

亚喇嘛那卡迪钦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བླ་མ་ནམ་མཁའ་བདེ་ཆེན།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 山上的喇嘛那卡迪钦
Meaning in English: Lama on top of the mountain
Reference: 280, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

垭格 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཡག་དཀར།
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 毛色纯白的牦牛
Meaning in English: white yak
Example: 据说碰到垭格（毛色纯白的牦牛）的人会找到永远的幸福……
Reference: 425, "Feng zhi moduan 风之末端", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Yangjin Lamu 央今拉姆

呀呀 (adv.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཡ་ཡ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 是的是的, 好啊好
Meaning in English: yes, OK, no problem
Example: “呀呀（是的是的，好啊好）!好吧，那我这就去看看阿哥在忙什么，看能不能帮他做些什么。”
Reference: 192, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

呀呀呀 (adv.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཡ་ཡ་ཡ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 是是是
Meaning in English: yes, OK, no problem
Example: “呀呀呀”并不是一个人的真实姓名。“呀呀呀”在藏语中是“是是是”的意思。
Reference: 68, "Yayaya he tade nv'er'呀呀呀'和他的女儿", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, don sgrub wang ben丹珠昂奔

央 (n.)

Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 糖
Meaning in English: sugar
Example: 他说，央（糖），没有一个孩子捏的泥像比你好。
Reference: 421, "Feng zhi moduan 风之末端", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Yangjin Lamu 央今拉姆

央 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཡང་།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 福泽、福祉
Meaning in English: good fortune
Example: “如果你把畜群卖了，这个家的央（福运）就会流走了，家族就开始走下坡路了。”
Reference: 451, "Woshi yi zhi laoqu de zang'ao我是一只老去的藏獒" , Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

央库修 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཡང་ཁུག་ཤོག
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 央（福）请汇聚
Meaning in English: good fortune please gather
Example: 唱毕，高声呼叫“央库修”（央请汇聚），然后转移“加涅”、“卡瓦格博”身上的战旗、令旗和象征日月光明的小面偶，将“加涅”和“卡瓦格博”放在经幡台上。
Reference: 230, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

央良白根 (n/a)

Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 招福长者
Meaning in English: pray good fortune for the elderly
Example: 第一个位置是“央良白根”，即招福长者，右手持“纳德”彩箭（彩箭上缠有哈达和绸、缎、布等五色饰物，象征福运、福祉、福气居留之处)。
Reference: 229, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

央迈勇 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འཇམ་དཔལ་དབྱངས།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 文殊菩萨
Meaning in English: Manjusri
Example: 这三个雪山是声名显赫的藏传佛教十三圣地之一，最高那座被尊为“仙乃日”，意为无量观音佛，其余两座是“央迈勇”和“夏诺多吉”，分别代表文殊菩萨和金刚手菩萨，是藏民世代膜拜的神山。
Reference: 130, "Xuebeng雪崩", Kangba wenxue Ganzi juan 康巴文学甘孜卷, Waxi洼西

央面密 (n.)

Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 小糖果
Meaning in English: candy
Example: 他的眼睛亮晶晶的，说：央面密（小糖果），快了，就差一个药方了。
Reference: 421, "Feng zhi moduan 风之末端", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Yangjin Lamu 央今拉姆

央卓 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཡང་བྲོ།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 祈福锅庄
Meaning in English: dance that prays for good fortune
Reference: 270, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

杨故 (v.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཡང་ཁུག
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 降福
Meaning in English: to have good fortune come
Example: 举行婚礼的前一天，女方家要请喇嘛念经，烧香，做“杨故”。杨故，意为降福，即请喇嘛念经乞神佛保佑赐福。
Reference: 32, "Zoujin Zangnan qunshanxiagu ji Menbazu de wenhua shenchu走进藏南群山峡谷及门巴族的文化深处", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Lv Shaoyi吕昭义 & Hong Mei红梅

杨壮 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཡང་བྲོ།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 一种草原舞的阵形
Meaning in English: a kind of lineup of herdsman dance
Example: 百名男子，在场中站成一种阵形，这阵形叫做杨壮，意义在于驱鬼避邪，它是从遥远的喜马拉雅山麓传来的，已在这片草原舞了百年。
Reference: 387, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

洋子 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཡང་རྩེ།
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 木制的高脚大碗
Meaning in English: a large wooden standing bowl
Example: 酒用的是前面所说的“羌波”酒，酒杯是用称为“洋子”的木制的高脚大碗。
Reference: 33, "Zoujin Zangnan qunshanxiagu ji Menbazu de wenhua shenchu走进藏南群山峡谷及门巴族的文化深处", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Lv Shaoyi吕昭义 & Hong Mei红梅

依姆琼琼 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: མོ་ཆུང་ཆུང་།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 小姑娘
Meaning in English: little girl
Example: 这位小姑娘的名字叫依姆琼琼，翻译成汉语就是小姑娘的意思。
Reference: 82, "Yimuqiongqiong依姆琼琼", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Yixi Zeren意西泽仁

仪兵 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 弦子艺人
Meaning in English: player of "Xianzi", a Tibetan musical instrument
Reference: 11, "Yingrao xinling de gesheng萦绕心灵的歌声", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Sina Nongbu斯那农布

胰子 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཡི་རྩི།
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 肥皂
Meaning in English: soap
Reference: 122, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

易该 (n.)

Category: time
Meaning in Chinese: 结婚时正式过门的时间
Meaning in English: the time that bride enters groom's family in a wedding ceremony
Example: 送亲者和迎娶者还要举行一个简短的会商，媒人当着双方的主要亲戚宣布嫁妆，确定举行“易该”即正式过门的时间，然后男人们一边吃喝一边斗嘴取乐——如同多口相声，有人称其为“笑宴”（河谷土语者叫：下着，“笑宴”后来公布为省级非物质文化遗产）。
Reference: 82, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

莹婵拉姆 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ལྷ་མོ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: （美丽得）能抓摄人灵魂的仙女
Meaning in English: extremely beautiful goddess
Example: 她简直就是摄人魂魄的仙女莹婵拉姆。
Reference: 212, "Fengling · Hui ge · suyoudeng风铃 · 灰鸽 · 酥油灯", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzujuan shangce 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, 扎西东珠 Zhaxi Dongzhu

雍 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཡུམ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 异性伴侣
Meaning in English: spouse
Example: 卡瓦格博的四周分别有四个偶像，东为卓吉，是卡瓦格博的“雍”，即异性伴侣。
Reference: 228, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

玉拉日达 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཡུལ་ལ་གཞིས་བདག
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 村庄守护神、地主
Meaning in English: local guardian god
Example: 玉拉日达请保佑。注：玉拉日达，即村庄守护神和地主。
Reference: 230, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

玉龙松多 (n.)

Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 玛曲地名，相传该处是个众鬼生活的地域
Meaning in English: a place in rMa-chu
Example: 请你们把她押送到玉龙松多去，让那里的鬼把她吃掉，我们才安全。
Reference: 451, Guiren he tade erzi“鬼人”和她的儿子, Luobazu Menbazu minjian gushi xuan珞巴族门巴族民间故事选.

糌粑 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྩམ་པ།
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 青稞面
Meaning in English: highland barley powder
Reference: 34, The Way of Khamspa康巴方式, Jiangyang Cairang江洋才让

赞 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བཙན།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 是西藏民间宗教观念中一种非常普遍和特殊的鬼神, 每座村庄、每个家庭和每个人身上都有这种鬼神的存在。
Meaning in English: god of Zan, believed to dwell in every village, every mountain and everyone.
Example: 芭桑家的“赞”神很厉害并且很显灵，通常它不喜欢有人离开村庄…… Footnote “赞”：藏语，是西藏民间宗教观念中一种非常普遍和特殊的鬼神，每座村庄、每个家庭和每个人身上都有这种鬼神的存在。
Reference: 85, Fury of the Shambhala 骚动的香巴拉, Tashi Dawa扎西达娃

赞曲 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བཙན་མཆོད།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 供养赞神
Meaning in English: make offerings to the god of Zan
Example: 据明永村的多吉老人讲，这个仪式实际是祭山形式中最古老的一种，叫“赞曲”，即供养赞神，当天要在仪式场地上杀羊，吃羊肉。
Reference: 226, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

早召 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 捣乱之人
Meaning in English: trouble-maker
Example: 早召——捣乱之人；
Reference: 34, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

皁玛儿 (n.)

Category: architecture
Meaning in Chinese: 桥
Meaning in English: bridge
Example: 皁玛儿，当地的藏语，汉语意为桥。
Reference: 30, "Dukezong 13 hao 独克宗13号" , Kangba wenxue Diqing juan 康巴文学迪庆卷, Yangjin Lamu央今拉姆

泽仁卓 (adj.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཚེ་རིང་རྒྱུ།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 直译为“长寿的”, 常用于口语叹词, 意为“宝贝的、亲爱的”。
Meaning in English: literal meaning: longevous. Often used as "interjection", which means "dear"
Example: “泽仁卓！①一定走了很远的路吧，看这双脚都成了这样！”①泽仁卓：藏族口语里叹词中常用的，类似于说“宝贝的、亲爱的、可爱的、可怜见的”，直译就是“长寿的、长青的”等等。
Reference: 133, 328, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

扎 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དགྲ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 敌人、敌对
Meaning in English: enemy
Example: 这时要有一人出来“扎毕协”，扎即敌人或者敌对，以示制服邪恶和敌人。
Reference: 229, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

扎 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བྲག
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 山崖
Meaning in English: cliff
Reference: 281, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

扎巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གྲྭ་པ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 藏传佛教寺庙里的普通僧人
Meaning in English: ordinary Buddhist monk in Tibetan Buddhism temple
Example: 两个小扎巴（藏传佛教寺庙里的普通僧人）来到疯喇嘛处，疯喇嘛认为援兵到了，更是兴奋不已。
Reference: 70, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

扎仓 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གྲྭ་ཚང་།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 僧院、僧校
Meaning in English: school of Buddhists
Example: 本来该寺没有扎仓（僧院、僧校），这位活佛从西藏返回后办起了三个扎仓，每个扎仓的入学的扎巴分为两个班，一个班三十人，每年学习六个月，在学习期间，由寺每月发给青稞、豌豆各两斗。
Reference: 163, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

扎都 (n.)

Category: military and weapon
Meaning in Chinese: 制敌的武器
Meaning in English: weapons that can defeat the enemy
Example: 扎都：制敌的武器。
Reference: 227, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

扎嘎 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བྲག་དཀར།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 白崖
Meaning in English: white cliff
Example: 那一天，当所有的神山都围坐下来听经时，活佛发现只有扎嘎（白崖之意）神山没有脫帽，他将帽子微微地斜戴在头上。
Reference: 36, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

扎嘎 (n.)

Category: military and weapon
Meaning in Chinese: 火引子
Meaning in English: material for starting fire
Example: 熟练地取下系在左腰的火镰，从里面取出扎嘎（火引子）。
Reference: 138, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

扎果梅朵 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: x་x་མེ་ཏོག་
Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 一种花
Meaning in English: a kind of flower
Example: 他们歌唱，嬉戏，然后剜一簇又一簇鲜艳的鲜花，这一丛叫香阿拉东，那一丛叫扎果梅朵，还有拉玛日角，尖玛梅朵，角玛卡罗，还有尼鲁，阿伊鲁，还有那一团团毛茸茸、轻绵绵、一吹就散的阿就，被风飘起，飘向遥遥无垠的山峦……
Reference: 228, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

扎哈 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གྲྭ་ཤག
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 僧舍
Meaning in English: Buddhist monk's dormitory
Example: 这是我‘扎哈’（僧舍）的钥匙，你过段时间再交给我的家人。
Reference: 488, "Yuanqu de motuo sheng远去的摩托声", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, 泽让闼 Zerangta

扎结 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གྲྭ་ཆས།
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 擦灶布
Meaning in English: cloth used to clean the cooking bench
Example: 有时候，我还喜欢唤“扎结”，意为擦灶布——问那里是什么样子？
Reference: 29, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

扎空 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གྲྭ་ཁང་།
Category: architecture
Meaning in Chinese: 寝室
Meaning in English: dormitory
Example: “活佛对你的嗓音很满意，说声音像来自象多贝里（天堂）。”
Reference: 211, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

扎拉 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དགྲ་ལྷ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 战神
Meaning in English: the God of War
Example: 扎拉：战神
Reference: 227, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

扎拉加 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དགྲ་ལྷ་རྒྱལ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 抬举战神
Meaning in English: praise the God of War
Example: 祭祀的高潮部分在“扎拉加”环节。“扎拉加”即抬举战神。
Reference: 229, "Ziran zhi shen de yidian 自然之神的仪典", Kangbawenxue Diqing juan康巴文学 迪庆卷, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛 and Meidinuo · Silanglunbu美的诺·斯郎伦布

扎缅 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བྲག་དམར།
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 红色岩峰
Meaning in English: Red Rock Peak
Reference: 280, "Yubeng, yinmi de shengdi雨崩，隐秘的圣地", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Zhaxi Nima扎西尼玛

扎年琴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྒྲ་སྙན།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 一种藏族乐器
Meaning in English: Zha Nian Qin, a tibetan musical instrument
Reference: 3, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

扎让 (n.)

Category: body
Meaning in Chinese: 黑肚
Meaning in English: black belly
Example: 扎让——黑肚之意，朗珍家的男人，因肚子上有一块黑色的胎记而起；
Reference: 34, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

扎西 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བཀྲ་ཤིས།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 吉祥
Meaning in English: auspicious, lucky
Example: “扎西岛”译成汉语就是“吉祥岛”。
Reference: 10, Xizang zuihou de tuodui西藏最后的驮队, Jiayang Xire加央西热.

扎西德勒 (n/a)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས།
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 吉祥如意
Meaning in English: May happiness and prosperity prevail
Reference: 25, "Chouchou丑丑", 文学香格里拉 Wenxue Xianggelila, Yangjin Lamu 央今拉姆

扎西培初 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བཀྲ་ཤིས་བག་གྲོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 知识分子
Meaning in English: well-educated person
Reference: 245,"Yueyuan月圆", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Yu Guoxian俞国贤

扎秀 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐྲ་གཞུག
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 头绳
Meaning in English: hair band
Reference: 250, Purple Highland Barley 紫青稞, Nima Panduo 尼玛潘多

札得儿 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྐྲ་དར།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 结婚时女子戴的装饰
Meaning in English: an accessory used when a woman getting married
Example: 此外，头上还要插成亲出嫁时才戴的“札得儿”，是一根扎上五色绸带的木棍。
Reference: 32, "Zoujin Zangnan qunshanxiagu ji Menbazu de wenhua shenchu走进藏南群山峡谷及门巴族的文化深处", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Lv Shaoyi吕昭义 & Hong Mei红梅

章嘎 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཊམ་ཀ
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 一种银质货币
Meaning in English: a kind of silver coin
Example: 在清朝的《钦定章程》小规定铸制银质新币“章嘎”后，该地也使用了全藏通用的新货币。
Reference: 8, "Wode jiaxiang - Menyu我的家乡——门隅", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yixi Chilie益西赤烈

章噶 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཊམ་ཀ
Category: measurement
Meaning in Chinese: 藏银币
Meaning in English: Tibetan silver coin (not circulated anymore)
Example: 萨都措瞪了他一眼说：“你太会做生意了，今天我就不买，再说了，我今天也没带银子或章噶（藏银币）。”
Reference: 44, 373, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

章噶尔 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཊམ་ཀ
Category: measurement
Meaning in Chinese: 旧藏币
Meaning in English: Tibetan silver coin (not circulated anymore)
Example: 長著一臉絡腮鬍的次多吉把哥哥拉到一邊，說出了他大腿根部有塊章噶爾長的紅色胎記這個秘密的特徵後，他相信了。
Reference: 108 , Xizang, yinmi suiyue西藏, 隐秘岁月, Tashi Dawa 扎西达娃

掌墨师 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 建筑师
Meaning in English: architect
Example: “哦，对了，老爷，你派去德格巴宫（印经院）观摩建筑的黄格根（老师）回来了，现在他就在楼下等着。”
“哦，掌墨师（建筑师）回来了？”
Reference: 4, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

折嘎 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འབྲས་དཀར།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 西藏一种流行的说唱形式, 艺人在新年或吉庆集会上念诵祝福之词。
Meaning in English: art form of singing and narrating on festivals
Example: 啊，他是“折嘎”艺人，欢迎我们的到来。
Footnote 折嘎：西藏一种流行的说唱形式，艺人在新年或吉庆集会上念诵祝福之词。
Reference: 12, Fury of the Shambhala 骚动的香巴拉, 扎西达娃

珍嘎波 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྤྲིན་དཀར་པོ།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 白云
Meaning in English: while cloud
Example: 她叫母牛珍嘎波，藏语意为白云。
Reference: 332, "Muchang renwu erti牧场人物二题", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册, Yin Xiangdong尹向东

治曲 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འབྲི་ཆུ།
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 长江
Meaning in English: Yangtze River
Example: 这是玛曲（黄河）和治曲（长江）两江河的分水岭，红原草原逐渐出现，无限开阔。
Reference: 601, "Waqie de talin he shuizang jingfan瓦切的塔林和水葬经幡", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Xiace 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 下册, Dechen Wangmo德干旺姆

仲 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྒྲུང་།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 故事
Meaning in English: story
Example: 晋美这个讲故事为生的人这才知道，故事，也就是“仲”，在佛法还未在这片土地上利益众生前就有了。
Reference: 219, Gesa'erwang格萨尔王, Alai阿来

仲肯 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྒྲུང་མཁན།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 神授的说唱者
Meaning in English: person who is a narrator and singer that follows god's will
Example: 木讷的牧羊人变成胸藏万千诗行的“仲肯”——神授的说唱者。
Reference: 109, Gesa'erwang格萨尔王,Alai阿来

仲列 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: དྲུང་ལས།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 秘书
Meaning in English: secretary
Example: 每户交完，涅巴会议的“仲列”，即秘书，就用竹笔划去一户的名字。
Reference: 59, The Oath of Polungde 布隆德誓言, Liangjiong · Langsa 亮炯·朗萨

珠 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འབྲུག
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 龙、雷声
Meaning in English: dragon or thunder
Reference: 80, "Chapter 8 Dawang chuzheng Jiaoguo shi, wangfei zhijian qi koujiao (Gesa'erwang)（八）大王出征交国事, 王妃之间起口角（格萨尔王）", Zangzu wenxue zuopin xuan 藏族文学作品选 Zangzu wenxue zuopin xuan

竹瓦 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྒྲོ་བ།
Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 桦树
Meaning in English: birch
Example: 于是，他决定留在此地，建寺弘法，给寺院取名：竹瓦（意为桦树）寺。
Reference: 56, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei 格绒追美

卓 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: བྲོ།
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 一种舞蹈的名字
Meaning in English: a type of dance from Eastern Tibet
Example: 篝火点燃了傍晚，青年男女围在火旁跳起了卓，卓是一种舞蹈的名字，青年们拉起圈，男子舒袖，女子摆腰，银饰叮当，欢呼云霄。
Reference: 388, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

卓波 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གྲོགས་པོ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 朋友
Meaning in English: friend
Example: 高志诚亲切地问：“卓波，您叫什么名字？”
Reference: 5, "Jixiang de caihong 吉祥的彩虹", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册 ,'jam dpal rgya mtsho 降边嘉措

卓鲁 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: འབྲོག་གླུ། 
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 牧歌
Meaning in English: nomad song
Example: 仅就诗歌而言，有“萨玛”体酒歌、“卓鲁”体牧歌、“加鲁”体情歌，以及长篇叙事诗等形式。
Reference: 1, "Xu序", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Luo Hongzhong罗洪忠

卓玛 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: སྒྲོལ་མ།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 仙女
Meaning in English: goddess
Reference: 106, "Xueshan daoban jiushi雪山道班旧事", Diqing 60 nian wenxue zuopin jingxuan xiace迪庆60年文学作品精选 下册, Yang Zengshi杨增适 (Bai ethnicity白族)

孜克巴 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྫི་མཁན་པ།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 律师
Meaning in English: lawyer
Example: 双方的孜克巴（律师）递上诉状。
Reference: 49, Khamspa 康巴, Dazhen 达真

孜孜森杰 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: ཙི་ཙི་སངས་རྒྱས།
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 蝙蝠，意思是悟道成佛的老鼠
Meaning in English: bat, literally “rat + Buddha”
Example: 衮哇塘就是这样一个杀富济贫的世界，衮哇塘，因为有了“汉子嘉措”，就成为穷人向往的天堂，因为有了“孜孜森杰”，那里就成了富人谈虎色变的地狱。
“孜孜森杰”——蝙蝠，意思是悟道成佛的老鼠，从人们给父亲的这个外号来看，他们既轻蔑地把他当作令人俯视的地狱类动物，但又不得不承认他的“得道”，他们妒恨他，可又不得不承认他的真实存在。
Reference: 319, 320, 321, 322, 331, 335, Taiyang buluo太阳部落, Meizhuo梅卓.

资纳腊 (n.)

Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 黑岩山
Meaning in English: Black Rock Mountain
Reference: 194, "Xiaoshi de muwan chang消失的木碗厂", Wenxue Xianggelila文学香格里拉, Yangjin Lamu 央今拉姆

宗 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྫོང་།
Category: institution
Meaning in Chinese: 县
Meaning in English: county
Example: 高志诚率领十几战士来到扎青宗建立兵站。
Reference: 3, "Jixiang de caihong 吉祥的彩虹", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册 ,'jam dpal rgya mtsho 降边嘉措

宗本 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: རྫོང་དཔོན།
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 县长
Meaning in English: county magistrate
Example: 围墙和房子全是雪白色，看样子是宗本的住宅。
Reference: 3, "Jixiang de caihong 吉祥的彩虹", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Zangzu juan Shangce新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 藏族卷 上册 ,'jam dpal rgya mtsho 降边嘉措

走冬 (n.)

Category: body
Meaning in Chinese: 断指
Meaning in English: broken finger
Example: 走冬——断指，小时被炸药炸飞了大拇指而起，本名是罗布；
Reference: 34, The Secluded Face 隐蔽的脸, Gerong Zhuimei格绒追美

祖拉康 (n.)

Word(s) in Tibetan language: གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་།
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 大昭寺
Meaning in English: Dazhao Temple
Example: 听说拉萨城关闭多年的著名的祖拉康寺庙也重新开放了，巴廓街上转经的人流如潮，终日不断。Footnote 祖拉康寺庙：又称大昭寺，始建于公元七世纪，位于拉萨市中心，寺内有释迦牟尼金像身而名扬藏地。
Reference: 34, Fury of the Shambhala 骚动的香巴拉, Tashi Dawa扎西达娃

佐赖 (n.)

Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 侍从
Meaning in English: attendant
Example: 门隅的大部分部落里均设有“库米”（信差）和“佐赖”（侍从）。
Reference: 13, "Wode jiaxiang - Menyu我的家乡——门隅", Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshuminzu wenxuezuopin xuanji Menbazu Luobazu juan新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 门巴族 珞巴族卷, Yixi Chilie益西赤烈