Derung - Word List
阿给尼日 (n.)
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 舅舅一方的人
Meaning in English: maternal relatives
Example: 在独龙人的观念里,他们是我的“阿给尼日”——舅舅一方的人,是我未来潜在的妻方人,而我则是他们的外甥,所以对我很热情。
Reference: 111, Wo de fuqin我的父亲, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Chen Jianhua陈建华
阿康西 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 老天爷
Meaning in English: God, literal meaning in Chinese: the old man up above in the heaven
Example: 他对着老婆大声说,整整三棵圆木,阿康西(老天爷),差点儿把拦柴坝都冲垮了呢。
Reference: 9, Fanlan heshui泛滥河水, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Luo Rongfen罗荣芬
阿吞 (n.)
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 泥石流
Meaning in English: mud slide
Example: 不要发生‘阿吞’(泥石流),不要发生地崩,洪水不要淹没大地,‘格蒙’和‘南木拉’要保护好人类,保佑人们的粮食丰收,让人们有饭吃。
Reference: 101, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
卜辣 (n.)
Word(s) in Derung language: pvla /pə³¹lɑ⁵³/
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 活魂
Meaning in English: living soul
Example: “人的‘卜辣’(人的活魂)也好,各种鬼魂也好,不要撵动这些祭品,也不要在其上跨过弄脏,这是要送给‘拉’的祭品,送给‘格蒙南木拉’的东西,要让这些祭品保持清洁。”
Reference: 101, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
答过 (n.)
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 手工篾箩
Meaning in English: bamboo basket
Example: 整整四天,当十三岁左右的女孩吃光火烧洋羊芋和鸡稗子粉粑粑,那父亲编织的斜挎着的手工篾箩“答过”在身上轻巧摇晃时,她再也迈不动步子,骑跨在一块大石头上哭了起来。
Reference: 78, Shangaoshuiyuan山高水远, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Luo Rongfen罗荣芬
丹打腊卡 (n.)
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 山名
Meaning in English: name of a mountain
Example: 丹打腊卡高黎贡 烟雨中的女神
Reference: 126, Dulong jiang (wai sanshou) 独龙江(外三首), Minzu Wenxue 民族文学, 2014.10, Chen Jianhua 陈建华
当亚休普 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 年节结束之歌
Meaning in English: the song to celebrate the end of a year
Example: 每个男子都把砍刀和弩弓挎在身上,大家拿着“拉达尔”,唱“普”跳舞,这叫“当亚休普”,即为年节结束之歌。
Reference: 103, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
得日干龙 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 独龙年的十二月, 意思是植物或树木皮可割下来的月
Meaning in English: the twelfth month in a year of Derung calender, literal meaning: the month when plants can be cut and bark can be peeled
Example: 过节的具体时间是在“投提龙”和“得日干龙”两月间(即每年的12月至1月间),各村寨自己选定节庆日期,时间很不一致,但一般都在这两个月之内过节。
Reference: 99, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
得如哇 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 剽牛祭天
Meaning in English: slaughter cattle to offer sacrifice to Heaven
Example: “剽牛祭天”独龙语叫“得如哇”,是传统年节活动中比较隆重的仪式,由富裕的人家出牛,载歌载舞剽来祭天,祭毕,所有参加仪式的人都可以分到一份牛肉。
Reference: 158, Di si ji bingchuan yiji— Dulongjiang pan de bing jiu第四纪冰川遗迹——独龙江畔的冰臼, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Yang Jiangling杨将领
多扒 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 鬼灵
Meaning in English: ghost
Example: “家人要平安,别死去人,各种‘多扒’(鬼灵)不要作祟家人,家人不要生病,滚石、倒木不要砸着家人。”
Reference: 101, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
干木拉 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 一种护身符
Meaning in English: a kind of amulet
Example: 这仪式叫“干木拉斯义休”。“干木拉”是指一种护身的符,“斯义休”是带在身上的意思,即为带上护身符的仪式。
Reference: 102, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
干木拉斯义休 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 带上护身符的仪式
Meaning in English: a ceremony to wear the amulet
Example: 这仪式叫“干木拉斯义休”。“干木拉”是指一种护身的符,“斯义休”是带在身上的意思,即为带上护身符的仪式。
Reference: 102, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
高黎贡 (n.)
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 山名
Meaning in English: name of a mountain
Example: 丹打腊卡高黎贡 烟雨中的女神
Reference: 126, Dulong jiang (wai sanshou) 独龙江(外三首), Minzu Wenxue 民族文学, 2014.10, Chen Jianhua 陈建华
咕柔 (n.)
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 珠链
Meaning in English: beaded chain
Example: 姑娘们打扮各异,但都披着自己巧手织成的披毯,头上围着不同颜色的纱巾,脖子上挂着一串串异色的“咕柔”,独龙语即珠链。
Reference: 52, Dulongjiang zhi chun独龙江之春, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, 齐建仁
黑木 (n.)
Category: architecture
Meaning in Chinese: 楼台
Meaning in English: balcony; platform in a building
Example: 随后把碗拋到火塘上方竹编的“黑木”(即楼台)上,若水碗碗口朝上,则认为全家人吉祥,不会死人。
Reference: 101, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
加 (v.)
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 等待
Meaning in English: to wait
Example: 孟恰的同伴是十四岁的拍加姑娘。“拍”为父亲之意,“加”是等待的意思。
Reference: 86, Mengqia 孟恰, Minzu Wenxue 民族文学, 2012.02, Luo Rongfen 罗荣芬
加义 (v./n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 祭品
Meaning in English: offerings to gods
Example: 去准备“加义”即祭神时用的祭品,用荞面捏做一个山崖的形状和各种野兽的模型。
Reference: 101, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
江布登 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 尾天
Meaning in English: the last day
Example: 年节的最后一天叫作“江布登”。
Reference: 103, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
卡尔姜瓦 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 节日名
Meaning in English: name of a festival
Example: 猪儿多了一份美餐
独龙人的卡尔姜瓦节上
又可以摆上一盘美味了
Reference: 127, Dulong jiang (wai sanshou) 独龙江(外三首), Minzu Wenxue 民族文学, 2014.10, Chen Jianhua 陈建华
卡尔新 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 运气神
Meaning in English: god of luck
Example: 人们说,这是祷告给运气神“卡尔新”的,目的是祈求家人得到好运气和福气。
Reference: 101, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
卡萨 (n.)
Word(s) in Derung language: kasvng /kɑ³¹səŋ⁵⁵/
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 头人
Meaning in English: headman
Example: 邻居女人看出了她的心思,劝道:“独娜,戛目力卡萨③不会为你们嘴皮牙齿相争的事起坏心,魔法也有超过神力的时候,终有一天会得到惩治的。”③卡萨——独龙语,是“头人”的称呼。
Reference: 24, Shenmi gukou de zhenhun gun神秘谷口的镇魂棍, Lisuzu juan傈僳族卷, Si Xianhua司仙华
卡瓦卡布 (n.)
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 山名
Meaning in English: name of a mountain
Example: 独龙人
南喜马拉雅之骄子
卡瓦卡布的子民
在神山圣水之间
守望着
1994平方公里的故土
Reference: 126, Dulong jiang (wai sanshou) 独龙江(外三首), Minzu Wenxue 民族文学, 2014.10, Chen Jianhua 陈建华
克恩 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 奉;部落
Meaning in English: support/ tribe
Example: “独娜被魔法击中,正预示了克恩②的灾难如升腾的云雾要降暴雨一样即将到来!”②克恩——独龙语,“奉”或“部落”之意。
Reference: 24, Shenmi gukou de zhenhun gun神秘谷口的镇魂棍, Lisuzu juan傈僳族卷, Si Xianhua司仙华
腊卡 (n.)
Word(s) in Derung language: lvka /lə³¹kɑ⁵⁵/
Category: gepgraphy
Meaning in Chinese: 大山
Meaning in English: high mountain
Example: 在独龙江乡龙元村北,有一座海拔近3500多米的山叫金都腊卡(腊卡独龙族语为大山的意思),山上盛产野百合、野韭菜、野核桃、山药等独龙人赖以生存的野粮。
Reference: 129, Jindulaka de ye baihe金都腊卡的野百合, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Chen Jianhua陈建华
蒙 (n.)
Category: nature
Meaning in Chinese: 一种山药
Meaning in English: a kind of Chinese yam
Example: 饿昏了眼的村民们纷纷跑往山上,乱窜胡挖“蒙”(一种山药)、野菜根等可充饥的东西,为此村里还闹出了两起中毒死人事件。
Reference: 90, Guxiang de hetao shu故乡的核桃树, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Ba Weidong巴伟东
木达阿闹开 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 吃散伙的豆子
Meaning in English: eat the farewell beans
Example: 那天,每家出一些豆子或苞谷,然后,把这些苞谷莉豆子都炒熟,全寨人相聚在一起,吃爆炸的苞谷和豆子,这叫做“木达阿闹开”。即吃散伙的豆子。
Reference: 103, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
那木萨 (n.)
Word(s) in Derung language: nvmsa /nəp⁵⁵sɑ⁵³/
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 巫师
Meaning in English: wizard
Example: 经过几星期准备,他们选择了一个黄道吉日,家家都焚上松明香火,在那木萨(巫师)一阵阵“啦嗦啰啦吉啰!”“啦嗦啰啦吉啰!”(神灵保佑人畜平安之意)的祈祷声中,赶着牛羊,男男女女前呼后拥吆三喝六地向牧场进发了。
Reference: 72, Muchang ji qu牧场记趣, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Ba Weidong巴伟东
纳目萨 (n.)
Word(s) in Derung language: nvmsa /nəp⁵⁵sɑ⁵³/
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 祭师
Meaning in English: religious practitioner
Example: 多亏万能神明的纳目萨①,不住地摇神铃敲神鼓供奉天神威吓恶魔,才把在鬼府门前游荡几天的生命魂喊回来,使她重返世间。① 纳目萨——独龙语,是“祭师”的称呼。
Reference: 24, Shenmi gukou de zhenhun gun神秘谷口的镇魂棍, Lisuzu juan傈僳族卷, Si Xianhua司仙华
娜木萨 (n.)
Word(s) in Derung language: nvmsa /nəp⁵⁵sɑ⁵³/
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 巫师
Meaning in English: wizard
Example: 外祖母是村里出了名的“娜木萨”(巫师),据说附在她身上的“南木”(神灵)达九个人。
Reference: 89, Guxiang de hetao shu故乡的核桃树, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Ba Weidong巴伟东
南木 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 神灵
Meaning in English: fairies
Example: 外祖母是村里出了名的“娜木萨”(巫师),据说附在她身上的“南木”(神灵)达九个人。
Reference: 89, Guxiang de hetao shu故乡的核桃树, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Ba Weidong巴伟东
拍 (n.)
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 父亲
Meaning in English: father
Example: 孟恰的同伴是十四岁的拍加姑娘。“拍”为父亲之意,“加”是等待的意思。
Reference: 86, Mengqia 孟恰, Minzu Wenxue 民族文学, 2012.02, Luo Rongfen 罗荣芬
朋更朋 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 桃花寨的独龙鼻祖
Meaning in English: the forefather of Derung people in Taohuazhai
Example: 据说,桃花寨的独龙鼻祖“朋更朋”也不过一米五一的个子。
Reference: 30, Saodong de Dulonghe (waiyipian) 骚动的独龙河(外一篇), Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue zuopin xuanji Pumizu juan 新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集 普米族卷, Yin Shanlong 尹善龙
普 (n.)
Word(s) in Derung language: pru /pru⁵⁵/
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 歌
Meaning in English: song
Example: 每个男子都把砍刀和弩弓挎在身上,大家拿着“拉达尔”,唱“普”跳舞,这叫“当亚休普”,即为年节结束之歌。
Reference: 103, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
普玛 (n.)
Word(s) in Derung language: pvma /pə³¹mɑ⁵⁵/
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 女人
Meaning in English: woman
Example: “普玛①,一个人死后的鬼魂能不能找到生前嫉恨的人?”① 普玛——独龙语,“女人”的称呼。
Reference: 32, Shenmi gukou de zhenhun gun神秘谷口的镇魂棍, Lisuzu juan傈僳族卷, Si Xianhua司仙华
仁木达 (n.)
Word(s) in Derung language: jvmdaq /ʑəm³¹dɑʔ⁵⁵/
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 山神
Meaning in English: god of mountain
Example: 并祈求“仁木达”(山神)把野兽放出来,使人们捕到野兽。
Reference: 100, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
斯义休 (v.)
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 带在身上
Meaning in English: wear
Example: 这仪式叫“干木拉斯义休”。“干木拉”是指一种护身的符,“斯义休”是带在身上的意思,即为带上护身符的仪式。
Reference: 102, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
投提龙 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 独龙年的第一月, 意思为无事可干的月
Meaning in English: the first month in a year of Derung calender, literal meaning: the month when there's nothing to do
Example: 过节的具体时间是在“投提龙”和“得日干龙”两月间(即每年的12月至1月间),各村寨自己选定节庆日期,时间很不一致,但一般都在这两个月之内过节。
Reference: 99, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明
依霞霞 (n/a)
Category: expression and phrase
Meaning in Chinese: 独龙语民歌衬词
Meaning in English: "Yixiaxia", a padding syllable of Dulong songs
Example: 剽牛祭天的独龙人
身披五彩独龙毯
和着“依霞霞”③的旋律
迎接温暖的太阳
照到独龙江
③ 依霞霞:独龙语民歌衬词。
Reference: 43, Nujiang zushi怒江组诗, Laomudeng老姆登, Li Jinrong李金荣
约古 (n.)
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 荞面粑粑
Meaning in English: buckwheat cake
Example: 饭菜有“约古” (荞面粑粑)、猪肉、鸡蛋、野兽肉、鼠肉等。
Reference: 103, Jianjian yuanqu de "Ka'er jiang wa" jie渐渐远去的“卡尔江哇”节, Dulongzu juan独龙族卷, Li Jinming李金明