Achang - Word List
阿露西陀 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: au31 lu35 （陇川）
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 会街节，户撒阿昌族的一个节日
Meaning in English: Huijie festival, a traditional festival of the Husa Achang people
Example: 会街，阿昌族话叫阿露西陀，是信仰小乘佛教的户撒阿昌族的一个盛大节日。
Reference: 57, Huijie jie de chuanshuo会街节的传说, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
阿袍 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: ɑ31 phɑu31
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 祖父
Meaning in English: grandfather
Example: 祭阿袍新坟的三生、阉鸡、红米饭、锡箔、香，一切都准备停当了。
Reference: 254, Apao de yanguo gan阿袍的烟锅杆, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Zhao Jiajian赵家健.
阿娅/阿丫 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: ɑ31 ʑɑ33
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 祖母
Meaning in English: grandmother
Example: 我那60岁的阿娅坐在屋前把我抱在怀里，让我偃睡在她的筒裙上，给我讲述小花猫抓老鼠的故事。
Reference: 256, Naliang纳凉, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Zhao Jiajian赵家健.
阿耶/啊爺 (n.)
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 父亲
Meaning in English: father
Example: 阿耶叫我再看一下，还有没有什么忘掉的，祭新坟是不能忘东西的。
Reference: 254, Apao de yanguo gan阿袍的烟锅杆, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Zhao Jiajian赵家健.
阿帕 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: ɑ31 phɑ33
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 爸爸
Meaning in English: dad
Example: 他从小死了阿帕阿妮，一个人无依无靠，孤苦伶仃，靠上山砍柴、割草，下河拿鱼卖为生。
Reference: 240, Long nv龙女, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
阿妮 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: ɑ31 ȵi33
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 妈妈
Meaning in English: mom
Example: 他从小死了阿帕阿妮，一个人无依无靠，孤苦伶仃，靠上山砍柴、割草，下河拿鱼卖为生。
Reference: 240, Long nv龙女, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
芭华 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: phɑ33 xuɑ53
Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 芭蕉叶
Meaning in English: plantain leaf
Example: 折迭芭华当盖头，编起石华做衣裳。
Reference: 18, Zhepama he Zhemima遮帕麻和遮米麻, Lan Ke兰克 Yang Zhihui杨智辉.
拔 (adj.)
Meaning in Chinese: 好看
Meaning in English: good-looking
Example: 出场之前的这一折“拔套昆”，一般都唱得不长，三五六句也可以，十句八句也行。
Reference: 249, Achangzu gewu Dengwole阿昌族歌舞《蹬窝乐》, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Sun Jiashen孙家申.
拔松昆/巴松昆 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族传统舞蹈蹬窝乐正式出场前所唱的舞曲“则勒咱”中的一支曲子
Meaning in English: A part of the song "Zeleza" that is sung before the regular performance of the Achang traditional dance known as "Dengwole"
Example: 每当前来候承的人们到达客人住户的大门口，“稍干”必须领着大伙先唱“则勒咱”即“拔套昆”和“拔松昆”，多把它称呼为“小切”。
Reference: 248, Achangzu gewu Dengwole阿昌族歌舞《蹬窝乐》, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Sun Jiashen孙家申.
拔套昆/巴套昆 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族传统舞蹈蹬窝乐正式出场前所唱的舞曲“则勒咱”中的一支曲子
Meaning in English: A part of the song "Zeleza" that is sung before the regular performance of the Achang traditional dance known as "Dengwole"
Example: 每当前来候承的人们到达客人住户的大门口，“稍干”必须领着大伙先唱“则勒咱”即“拔套昆”和“拔松昆”，多把它称呼为“小切”。
Reference: 248, Achangzu gewu Dengwole阿昌族歌舞《蹬窝乐》, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Sun Jiashen孙家申.
版当 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 太阳神
Meaning in English: the god of the sun
Example: 户腊撒地区阿昌族的太阳神和月亮神，称为“版当”和“版清”。
Reference: 91, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
版清 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 月亮神
Meaning in English: the god of the moon
Example: 户腊撒地区阿昌族的太阳神和月亮神，称为“版当”和“版清”。
Reference: 91, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
棒蚌剥果瓦湿果。瓦湿果，棒蚌剥果瓦湿果。 (n.)
Category: sentence
Meaning in Chinese: 攀枝花开满寨红。满寨红，攀枝花开满寨红。
Meaning in English: The blossoms of the climbing shrubs paint the village red. The village is painted red, the blossoms of the climbing shrubs paint the village red.
Example: 嗯，窝罗！棒蚌剥果瓦湿果。瓦湿果，棒蚌剥果瓦湿果。
Reference: 46, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
榜争 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族农业生产神老姑太的象征物，即老姑太的拐杖
Meaning in English: the symbol of the Achang agriculture god, i.e. Laogutai's crutches
Example: 她的象征物为“榜争”，即“老姑太的拐杖”之意，以一根拐杖和一根长有两个包谷的包谷杆拴在一起为标志。
Reference: 105, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
孛劭早芒 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 西方的天神
Meaning in English: the god of the west
Example: 派孛劭早芒住在西方，让它把西边的天管着。
Reference: 7, Zhepama he Zhemima遮帕麻和遮米麻, Lan Ke兰克 Yang Zhihui杨智辉.
背刀 (n.)
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌长刀
Meaning in English: Achang long sword
Example: “背刀”为阿昌语，汉话称长刀，其式样很多。
Reference: 223, Yi dadao zhucheng de Achangzu以打刀著称的阿昌族, Guxiang na gaogao de zhanzaoshu故乡那高高的粘枣树, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
崩巴/崩把 (n.)
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 祖先
Meaning in English: ancestors
Example: 相传很早以前，阿昌崩巴中有两兄弟，哥哥叫阿多，弟弟叫阿芒。
Reference: 111, Husa dao de chuanshuo户撒刀的传说, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
啵螺 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: po33 lo33
Category: instrument
Meaning in Chinese: 号，喇叭
Meaning in English: trumpet
Example: 洪三三爹一手扶着老式猎枪的背带，一手拿着“牛角啵螺”。
Reference: 37, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
不䂗 (n.)
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 媒人
Meaning in English: matchmaker
Example: 父母按照传统的礼俗，为儿子选定好对象，不论儿子喜欢与否，都请媒人（阿昌语称“不䂗”）到女方家求亲。
Reference: 155-156, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
错 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: tɕhɑ31
Category: food and drink
Meaning in Chinese: 盐巴
Meaning in English: salt
Example: “漕涧”浪速人称“漕涧”为“错节”，而浪峨人各族系均称“盐巴”为“错”，称“街市”为节，所以“漕涧”一名实为“盐市”或“盐街子”之意。
Reference: 5, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
傣撒 (n.)
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 户腊撒阿昌族的自称
Meaning in English: endonym for the Husa Achang people
Example: 勐撒峒有两个王子，命令山里的民族“傣撒”帮他们打猎。
Reference: 17, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
丹格支 (n.)
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 麻雀
Meaning in English: sparrow
Example: 麻叫“那鲁”，麻雀叫“丹格支”、乌鸦叫“老哇”、斑鸠叫“洼乌”、柿子叫“丁香”等。
Reference: 5, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
丹嘛俩嘛谷赫呶；谷赫呶，丹嘛俩嘛谷赫呶。 (n.)
Category: sentence
Meaning in Chinese: 大田大地谷黄了；谷黄了。大田大地谷黄了。
Meaning in English: The grains across the land turn golden; the grains turn gold. The grains across the land turn golden.
Example: 于是“活袍”和“稍干”起头唱：
丹嘛俩嘛谷赫呶；谷赫呶，丹嘛俩嘛谷赫呶。
杂妮瓦妮，苗苏嘎；苗苏嘎，杂妮瓦妮苗苏嘎。
Reference: 47, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
当勐迷 (phr.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 汉语称为“盘花拉根”，指“蹬窝乐”时询问客人的住址及来意
Meaning in English: also known as "Pan Hua Lagen" in Chinese, which means to ask guests where they live and why they are coming while dancing the "Dengwole"
Example: “当勐迷”的内在含义是询问客人的住址、因何事而来等，不过所用的词语十分含蓄婉转。
Reference: 250, Achangzu gewu Dengwole阿昌族歌舞《蹬窝乐》, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Sun Jiashen孙家申.
道 (n.)
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 范，制作器物的模具
Meaning in English: mould (container)
Example: 范：阿昌语称“道”，阿昌族铸造不同器物使用不同的范。
Reference: 71, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
蹬列 (n.)
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 玩春灯，阿昌族的一个剧种
Meaning in English: a kind of Achang drama
Example: 玩春灯，阿昌语为“蹬列”，据我考证，它属于外来并已阿昌化了的剧种。
Reference: 18, Yueliang dao hun月亮刀魂, Sun Baoting孙宝廷.
蹬窝乐/俄罗 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族传统歌舞，传说由太阳神遮帕麻从天上带来
Meaning in English: traditional Achang songs and dances, said to be brought down from the sky by the sun god
Example: 古往今来，每逢农村中有喜庆的日子，阿昌族群众都要举行“蹬窝乐”活动，它的规模可大可小，唱词灵活多变，被阿昌族当做候承客人的一种好形式。
Reference: 247, Achangzu gewu Dengwole阿昌族歌舞《蹬窝乐》, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Sun Jiashen孙家申.
丁香 (n.)
Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 柿子
Meaning in English: persimmon
Example: 麻叫“那鲁”，麻雀叫“丹格支”、乌鸦叫“老哇”、斑鸠叫“洼乌”、柿子叫“丁香”等。
Reference: 5, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
栋谍勐峨 (n.)
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 地名，位于盈江县坝尾、中缅边境
Meaning in English: a place located at the Yingjiang County plain, near the China-Myanmar border
Example: 一天，他们来到栋谍勐峨这个坝子，走得快的已经到坝头，走得慢的还在坝尾天就黑了，他们便住下来。
Reference: 35, Achang weishenme zhu husa阿昌为什么住户撒, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
独期萨莱 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: tu33 tɕhi35
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 用七彩丝线编织成的腰带
Meaning in English: belt made of colourful silk thread
Example: 头饰、衣饰、裙饰、配饰古朴端庄，被称为红腰带的“独期萨莱”，用七彩丝线编织抠出58种神秘符号的花带子，散发出古老的文化气息，犹如一部传世的“女书”。
Reference: 320, Meng shi yiba piaosan zhe qingyan de daojian梦是一把飘散着青烟的刀剑, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Sun Hao孙豪.
顿 (n.)
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 砧板
Meaning in English: hammering-board
Example: 砧：阿昌语称“顿”，锻打器物时作垫底。
Reference: 71, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
戛 (n.)
Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 村寨
Meaning in English: village
Example: 阿昌语“戛”为“村寨”之意。
Reference: 5, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
赶马撒 (n.)
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 古浪峨地区地名，意为阿昌人的寨子
Meaning in English: a place in ancient Lang'e, meaning a stockade made by the Achang people
Example: “赶马撒”为“戛蒙撒”的变音，意为阿昌人的寨子。
Reference: 8, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
告真告郎姆巴哪；姆巴哪，告真告郎姆巴哪。 (n.)
Category: sentence
Meaning in Chinese: 山里洼里有银子；有银子，山里洼里有银子
Meaning in English: Silver lies in the mountains and valleys; silver lies there. Silver lies in the mountains and valleys.
Example: 嗯，窝罗！告真告郎姆巴哪；姆巴哪，告真告郎姆巴哪。
Reference: 49, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
个打玛 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 释迦牟尼
Meaning in English: Sakyamuni Buddha
Example: 在户撒阿昌族地区有这样的说法：“个打玛”七岁时，母亲去世。
Reference: 32, Gedama de chuanshuo“个打玛”的传说, Achangzu xisu chuanshuo gushi阿昌族习俗传说故事, Lianghexian minzu zongjiao shiwuju梁河县民族宗教事务局.
勾娄早芒 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族原始宗教信仰的月亮神
Meaning in English: The moon god in the native religion of the Achang people
Example: 太阴山上设下白银宝座，派勾娄早芒掌管。
Reference: 5, Zhepama he Zhemima遮帕麻和遮米麻, Lan Ke兰克 Yang Zhihui杨智辉.
谷期榜争 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: ku33 tɕhi33
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 谷神
Meaning in English: the god of grain
Example: 每年三月播种、八月尝新时，都要用竹竿绑上包谷和取带穗的包谷秆，供奉在正房堂前屋角，举行祭祀活动，阿昌族语言叫“谷期榜争”。
Reference: 269, Yi dadao zhucheng de Achangzu以打刀著称的阿昌族, Guxiang na gaogao de zhanzaoshu故乡那高高的粘枣树, Cao Xianqiang曹先强
寡 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: kua31
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 老鼠
Meaning in English: mouse
Example: 仁山村有个寨子叫“寡地”，意为小老鼠很多的地方。
Reference: 5, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
寡梢娘 (n.)
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 鼓眼鼠
Meaning in English: bulging-eyed mouse
Example: “我们先来占个卦再走，如果‘寡梢娘’钻进旧洞，我们一定要转回家，如果寡梢娘扒新洞，我就留在南方不走了！”
Reference: 99, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
过当/过挡 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族男子送给女子的定情信物
Meaning in English: tokens of love that Achang men give to their lovers
Example: 分别时，腊舍把过当给腊咪，腊咪接了过当，把自己的绡迈解下来，包着一件钉着银扣，上着银联的对襟衣，交给腊舍。
Reference: 89, Peilang chengsan陪郎撑伞, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
猴秋 (phr.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 打秋千
Meaning in English: play on a swing
Example: 打秋千，阿昌话叫“猴秋”，也就是汉话“使秋”的意思，传说使秋还有个来历。
Reference: 68, Qiuqian de chuanshuo秋千的传说, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
患 (n.)
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 锤子
Meaning in English: hammer
Example: 锤：阿昌语称“患”，用来锻打器物等，有大小不同的几种。
Reference: 71, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
晃赖过 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 棍术
Meaning in English: the way of the cudgel
Example: 棍术，即“晃赖过”，它分为单头棍、两节棍、三节棍等。
Reference: 66, Taiyang zhi zi太阳之子, Zhonggong Dehong zhouwei xuanchuanbu中共德宏州委宣传部.
活袍 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: ŋ̊o31 phɑu33
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 巫师、经师
Meaning in English: wizard
Example: 他们找寨子里主事的队干部，老“活袍”，老“稍干”开座谈会，开批判会，讲政治，讲形势，讲界限。
Reference: 29, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
甲乌农兆 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 鸡头卦
Meaning in English: divination performed with a chicken head
Example: 不少人对鸡卦略知一二，尤其是对鸡头卦的运用和掌握比较普遍，阿昌语称鸡头卦为“甲乌农兆”。
Reference: 133, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
间谷达达 (n.)
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 鹧鸪
Meaning in English: partridge
Example: 她的儿子很孝顺，经常到山里打来间谷达达，炖给她补养身体。
Reference: 92, Changxin jie尝新节, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
节 (n.)
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 街市
Meaning in English: market
Example: “漕涧”浪速人称“漕涧”为“错节”，而浪峨人各族系均称“盐巴”为“错”，称“街市”为节，所以“漕涧”一名实为“盐市”或“盐街子”之意。
Reference: 5, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
借作 (n.)
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族原始农村公社的村社首领，意为为村社办事的好儿子
Meaning in English: the head of the village community in the traditional village Achang commune, meaning the good son of the village community
Example: 那是土地都归村社公有，个人只有使用权，村社首领称“借作”，几个“借作”和“吾作曼”共同组成村社议事会。
Reference: 165, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
刊玛 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 大家鬼
Meaning in English: the spirits of the ancestors in the family
Example: 此俗延续至今，“刊玛”也保佑着她的族人，一如既往地繁衍生息着。
Reference: 52, Jisi kanma de xisu祭祀“刊玛”的习俗, Achangzu xisu chuanshuo gushi阿昌族习俗传说故事, Lianghexian minzu zongjiao shiwuju梁河县民族宗教事务局.
刊咱 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 小家鬼
Meaning in English: the spirits of the ancestors in the family
Example: 每当他们要祭祀“刊咱”的时候，事先都得专喂养一头未阉割的母猪，作为不可缺少的主要祭祀品。
Reference: 53, Jisi kanzan de chuanyan祭祀“刊咱”的传言, Achangzu xisu chuanshuo gushi阿昌族习俗传说故事, Lianghexian minzu zongjiao shiwuju梁河县民族宗教事务局.
康 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 腊訇，俗称“棒头鬼”，是阿昌族的邪恶之神
Meaning in English: Lahong, a demon in Achang legends
Example: 梁河地区阿昌族最痛恨的恶鬼是腊訇，腊訇俗称“棒头鬼”，阿昌语称“康”。
Reference: 99-100, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
可龙 (n.)
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 封建包办婚姻
Meaning in English: marriages arranged by the parents
Example: 户腊撒地区阿昌语称之为“可龙”，其婚姻按“父母之命，媒妁之言”缔结。
Reference: 155, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
克投 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: tu33 tɕhi35
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 绞脚，缠在小腿上的布
Meaning in English: a piece of cloth wrapped around the lower legs
Example: 阿昌族的服饰分衣饰（阿昌语叫“则默”）、裙饰（含围裙，又叫毡裙。花带子又叫独期萨莱，又叫毡裙飘带）、筒裙（又叫姆支。分白夸姆支、素围腰）、包头、绞脚（又叫克投）、绡迈等。
Reference: 21, Taiyang zhi zi太阳之子, Zhonggong Dehong zhouwei xuanchuanbu中共德宏州委宣传部.
昆 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 山歌、小话和白话留言之类的说唱
Meaning in English: talking and singing performance such as folk songs and colloquial rhymed skits
Example: 出场之前的这一折“拔套昆”，一般都唱得不长，三五六句也可以，十句八句也行。
Reference: 249, Achangzu gewu Dengwole阿昌族歌舞《蹬窝乐》, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Sun Jiashen孙家申.
拉涅旦 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 传说中的南极
Meaning in English: the south pole in Achang legend
Example: 天公告别地母，去到南方拉涅旦。
Reference: 30, Zhepama he Zhemima遮帕麻和遮米麻, Lan Ke兰克 Yang Zhihui杨智辉.
啦尕咖嘎，咖嘎啦尕 (n.)
Category: sentence
Meaning in Chinese: 来吧吃吧，吃罢去吧
Meaning in English: Come and eat; eat and leave
Example: 们老头一手拿着雄鸡雉尾羽扇，口里唱着“啦尕咖嘎，咖嘎啦尕”，一手端着酒碗。
Reference: 69, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
喇嘎/喇嘎撒 (n.)
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 一种恋人间的传情方式，意为换手艺
Meaning in English: a mode of communicating feelings between lovers, which means the exchanging of craft skills
Example: 还有另一种恋人传情方式叫“喇嘎”（或喇嘎撒），意为换手艺。
Reference: 162, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
喇嘛拱嘛达祖嘎；达祖嘎，喇嘛拱嘛达祖嘎 (n.)
Category: sentence
Meaning in Chinese: 豺狼虎豹不要怕；不要怕，豺狼虎豹不要怕
Meaning in English: Do not fear the wild beasts; fear not. Do not fear the wild beasts.
Example: 腊囡却还在跳“喇嘛拱嘛达祖嘎；达祖嘎，喇嘛拱嘛达祖嘎”这一句唱辞的舞蹈动作“月亮戴帽”和“竹鸡下山”的舞步。
Reference: 48-49, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
腊各早列 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 南方的天神
Meaning in English: the god of the south
Example: 派腊各早列住在南方，让它把南边的天管着。
Reference: 7, Zhepama he Zhemima遮帕麻和遮米麻, Lan Ke兰克 Yang Zhihui杨智辉.
老哇 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: kɑ31 ŋ̊ɑ55
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 乌鸦
Meaning in English: craw
Example: 麻叫“那鲁”，麻雀叫“丹格支”、乌鸦叫“老哇”、斑鸠叫“洼乌”、柿子叫“丁香”等。
Reference: 5, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
磊 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: noʔ31 lui31 （梁河）
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 水牛
Meaning in English: water buffalo
Example: 如水牛叫“磊”，水牛打滚的汪潭叫“磊纳江”。
Reference: 5, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
立生 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: nik33 tsɔ35 （陇川）
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 锉
Meaning in English: rasping file
Example: 锉：阿昌语称“立生”，用来制作花纹及锉平器物表面。
Reference: 71, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
芒袍 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: maŋ55 phau55
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族婚礼中男方邀请前来参加婚礼的已婚中年男性
Meaning in English: married, middle-aged man invited to attend an Achang wedding by the groom's side
Example: 每晚夜幕降临时，寨子里的中年人和老人就相互邀约到新娘家来，对“芒袍”和“芒牙”或新郎进行礼赞。
Reference: 248, Achangzu gewu Dengwole阿昌族歌舞《蹬窝乐》, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Sun Jiashen孙家申.
芒牙 (n.)
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族婚礼中男方邀请前来参加婚礼的已婚中年女性
Meaning in English: married, middle-aged woman invited to attend an Achang wedding by the groom's side
Example: 每晚夜幕降临时，寨子里的中年人和老人就相互邀约到新娘家来，对“芒袍”和“芒牙”或新郎进行礼赞。
Reference: 248, Achangzu gewu Dengwole阿昌族歌舞《蹬窝乐》, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Sun Jiashen孙家申.
茫鹤早芒 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 东边的天神
Meaning in English: the god of the east
Example: 派茫鹤早芒住在东边，让它把东边的天管着。
Reference: 6, Zhepama he Zhemima遮帕麻和遮米麻, Lan Ke兰克 Yang Zhihui杨智辉.
毛鹤早芒 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族原始宗教信仰的太阳神
Meaning in English: sun god in the traditional religion of the Achang people
Example: 太阳山上设下黄金宝座，派毛鹤早芒掌管。
Reference: 5, Zhepama he Zhemima遮帕麻和遮米麻, Lan Ke兰克 Yang Zhihui杨智辉.
猫赖过 (n.)
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 刀术，舞刀
Meaning in English: the way of the sword
Example: 刀术即舞刀，也叫“猫赖过”，有双刀、单刀、关刀、剑等种类。
Reference: 66, Taiyang zhi zi太阳之子, Zhonggong Dehong zhouwei xuanchuanbu中共德宏州委宣传部.
毛弥早芒 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 北方的天神
Meaning in English: the god of the north
Example: 北边的天空最尊贵，派毛弥早芒管着。
Reference: 8, Zhepama he Zhemima遮帕麻和遮米麻, Lan Ke兰克 Yang Zhihui杨智辉.
冒卡特 (n.)
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 刨刀
Meaning in English: planer knives
Example: 刨：阿昌语称“冒卡特”，铁刃，两端有牛角柄，使用时两手持之，铲平器物表面，在刀类上拉槽。
Reference: 71, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
勐撒侗/勐撒峒 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: məŋ31 sa31
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 传说中阿昌族祖先居住的地方
Meaning in English: the place where the Achang ancestors lived in legend
Example: 相传，阿昌族的祖先居住在一个叫勐撒侗的地方。
Reference: 35, Achang weishenme zhu husa阿昌为什么住户撒, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
苗东兆 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 刀卦
Meaning in English: divination performed with a knife
Example: 阿昌语称“苗东兆”，卜卦时用一碗米，砍柴刀一把，麻线一根，条香一柱。
Reference: 133, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
木之/姆支 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: mu33 tʂɿ33
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 未婚女子的筒裙
Meaning in English: straight skirt for unmarried women
Example: 郎家的那个姑娘，穿着艳丽颜色的丝线，抠花绣朵织就的百花“木之”（未婚女子的筒裙）。
Reference: 69, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
那鲁 (n.)
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 麻
Meaning in English: fibre
Example: 麻叫“那鲁”，麻雀叫“丹格支”、乌鸦叫“老哇”、斑鸠叫“洼乌”、柿子叫“丁香”等。
Reference: 5, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
奶其/奶起 (n.)
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 奶奶，或称呼老年女性
Meaning in English: Nanny, a way to call old women
Example: 寨子里数她年岁大，大家都尊称她为奶其。
Reference: 92, Changxin jie尝新节, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
妮央嫫 (n.)
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 大妈，称呼年长的妇女
Meaning in English: aunt, a way to call women of one's mother's age
Example: 曹扎想：可能是邻居哪个好心的妮央嫫来帮自己煮的。
Reference: 240, Long nv龙女, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
诺 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: no31 （梁河）
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 黄牛
Meaning in English: cattle
Example: 黄牛叫“诺”，黄牛经常摔下去跌死的山崖叫“诺扎岩”。
Reference: 5, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
拍甲培 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 占卜
Meaning in English: tell a fortune
Example: 占卜，阿昌语称为“拍甲培”，是阿昌族从古至今治疗疾病、解决各种疑难困惑、问运途、卜吉凶、求钱财、找失物的一种手段。
Reference: 132-133, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
瓢 (n.)
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 勺
Meaning in English: spoon
Example: 勺：阿昌语称“瓢”，溶铁时盛铁水及捞取浮渣。
Reference: 71, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
撇索 (n.)
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 吆牛的绳子
Meaning in English: a rope used to drive cattle
Example: 有一天，新郎比平时起得早，田犁了三趟，还不见送饭来，看看时候还早，就用撇索吆着牛继续犁。
Reference: 43, Wugong tian蜈蚣田, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
撇杂 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 活袍在驱邪撵魔、请神送鬼时演唱或吟诵的祭文
Meaning in English: the sacrifice rite sung or recited to expel evil spirits, invite the gods or send them away
Example: 另一种祭祀歌称作“撇杂”调。
Reference: 40, Taiyang zhi zi太阳之子, Zhonggong Dehong zhouwei xuanchuanbu中共德宏州委宣传部.
恰乌子 (n.)
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 卖盐人
Meaning in English: salt seller
Example: 至今大理云龙阿昌族被称为“恰乌子”，“恰乌子”在阿昌语中为“卖盐人”之意。
Reference: 89, Taiyang zhi zi太阳之子, Zhonggong Dehong zhouwei xuanchuanbu中共德宏州委宣传部.
千 (n.)
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 钎
Meaning in English: stabbing rod
Example: 钎：阿昌语称“千”，捅炉火用。
Reference: 71, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
钦夸兆 (n.)
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 米卦
Meaning in English: divination performed with rice
Example: 阿昌语称“钦夸兆”，米卦是巫师运用的一种卜卦，又分米碗卦和簸箕卦。
Reference: 133-134, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
清清吉吉 (n.)
Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族习惯用语，既有清洁明亮之意，更有万古不变的意思。在每节颂歌结尾都要吟唱。
Meaning in English: an Achang phrase sung at the end of each verse of a song, which means both clean and pure, and eternal and unchanging
Example: 东边的天呵，象清水一样清清吉吉；东边的天呵，象泉水一样清澈见底。
Reference: 7, Zhepama he Zhemima遮帕麻和遮米麻, Lan Ke兰克 Yang Zhihui杨智辉.
庆道 (n.)
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 铁砂范
Meaning in English: sand casting mould
Example: 制三脚架用砂范（相当于现代铁工场之翻砂），称“庆道”。
Reference: 71, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
桑姑尼 (n.)
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 传说中聪明美丽的女人，阿昌人至今仍用她来比喻贤惠能干的妇女
Meaning in English: a smart and beautiful woman in Achang legend, Achang people still use her as a metaphor for a virtuous and able women
Example: 拉涅旦有个智慧的盐婆，名字叫做桑姑尼。
Reference: 31, Zhepama he Zhemima遮帕麻和遮米麻, Lan Ke兰克 Yang Zhihui杨智辉.
桑建 (n.)
Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 椎栗树
Meaning in English: cone-shaped chestnut tree
Example: 阿昌族的泼水节中用桑建树搭花塔，男女老幼身上别着桑建花，家家户户供瓶中插着桑建花枝……
Reference: 57, Sangjian de chuanshuo桑建的传说, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
色曼/色勐 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: sə31 mɑŋ33
Category: religion
Meaning in Chinese: 陇川县户腊撒地区对寨神的称呼
Meaning in English: the way that Husa Achang people call the god of their stockade
Example: 户腊撒地区阿昌族称寨神为“色曼”，色曼的居住地在建寨时就要选好，一般选在寨子头。
Reference: 107, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
森捞捞 (adj.)
Category: other
Meaning in Chinese: 阴森森
Meaning in English: gloomy
Example: 夹杂着夜色中一个一声长一声短的猫头鹰的“森捞捞”的鸣叫，听起来使人萌生出一丝凉嗖嗖的寒意。
Reference: 50, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
沙木刀 (n.)
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 水獭猫
Meaning in English: beaver
Example: 不久之后，“沙木刀”赶到南方来报信说：“狡猾凶恶的魔鬼腊訇抢占了我们的地盘，老百姓遭了大灾殃，你赶快带领将士回家，消灭腊訇。”
Reference: 98, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
稍干 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 山歌手，阿昌族传统舞蹈蹬窝乐的领舞人
Meaning in English: folk song singer, the leader of the traditional Achang dance Dengwole
Example: 那是寨子里的“稍干”紫卫星大哥唱的。
Reference: 25, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
石华 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: ʂɯk31 xuɑ53
Category: plant
Meaning in Chinese: 树叶
Meaning in English: leaf
Example: 折迭芭华当盖头，编起石华做衣裳。
Reference: 18, Zhepama he Zhemima遮帕麻和遮米麻, Lan Ke兰克 Yang Zhihui杨智辉.
司拉 (n.)
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 师父
Meaning in English: master
Example: 阿昌族铁匠都要供奉炉神“老君嬷嬷”，即“太上老君”，并且认为太上老君是男性，称为“司拉”，意为“师父”。
Reference: 69, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
斯米迭 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 生死道理
Meaning in English: the truth of life and death
Example: 随之，“活袍”开始请师、讲“斯米迭”。
Reference: 40, Taiyang zhi zi太阳之子, Zhonggong Dehong zhouwei xuanchuanbu中共德宏州委宣传部.
松 (n./v.)
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 袖子，甩袖子
Meaning in English: sleeves, or swing one's sleeves
Example: 这时歌者们又由“稍干”领着唱起节奏明快的“拔松昆”，同时，比试着轻盈的舞姿。
Reference: 249, Achangzu gewu Dengwole阿昌族歌舞《蹬窝乐》, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Sun Jiashen孙家申.
套 (v.)
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 惊动瞌睡
Meaning in English: wake up from sleeping
Example: 出场之前的这一折“拔套昆”，一般都唱得不长，三五六句也可以，十句八句也行。
Reference: 249, Achangzu gewu Dengwole阿昌族歌舞《蹬窝乐》, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Sun Jiashen孙家申.
腾道 (n.)
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 泥范
Meaning in English: mould made of mud
Example: 制犁用木框内敷泥制成之范，称“腾道”。
Reference: 71, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
梯姆 (n.)
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 凿
Meaning in English: chisel
Example: 凿：阿昌语称“梯姆”，铁刃木柄，用于制作花纹，有半圆形刃和平刃两种。
Reference: 71, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
吐孙 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: ti31 sau31
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 风箱
Meaning in English: wind blower
Example: 风箱：阿昌语称“吐孙”，圆形，粗圆木挖空制成，方形者与内地风箱无异。
Reference: 71, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
瓦嘎/瓦当 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 梁河地区对寨神的称呼
Meaning in English: the way the Lianghe Achang people call the god of their stockades
Example: 梁河地区阿昌族称寨神为“瓦嘎”，瓦嘎神坛位于村头的大树下。
Reference: 109, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
洼乌 (n.)
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 斑鸠
Meaning in English: turtledove
Example: 麻叫“那鲁”，麻雀叫“丹格支”、乌鸦叫“老哇”、斑鸠叫“洼乌”、柿子叫“丁香”等。
Reference: 5, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
文炅瑯 (n.)
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 湾中，梁河地区的一个阿昌族村庄
Meaning in English: Wanzhong, an Achang village in Lianghe district
Example: 湾中在杞木寨成为很古老的一个阿昌族村子延续着一方龙的血脉，扮演着护神的角色。它的阿昌语叫“文炅瑯”，她还有一个别名——“扭脚做杯子”，很诗意的名字。
Reference: 259, Yueliang dao hun月亮刀魂, Sun Baoting孙宝廷.
窝罗 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 舞蹈
Meaning in English: dance
Example: 这个叫阿昌的民族，唱着古歌，跳着古朴的“窝罗”
Reference: 3, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
屋摆 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: u33 pɑi31 （梁河）
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 包头
Meaning in English: a long piece of cotton cloth wrapped on a married women's head
Example: 包头，阿昌语称“屋摆”，戴于已婚妇女头上。
Reference: 208, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
吾作曼 (n.)
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族原始农村公社的寨老
Meaning in English: the elder leaders of the village community in the primitive village Achang commune
Example: 那是土地都归村社公有，个人只有使用权，村社首领称“借作”，几个“借作”和“吾作曼”共同组成村社议事会。
Reference: 165, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
夏姆奥 (n.)
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 坩锅
Meaning in English: crucible
Example: 坩锅：阿昌语称“夏姆奥”，由黏土制成，壁甚厚，状如古代炼铜之“将军盔”，但底无长柄。
Reference: 71, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
夏姆本 (n.)
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 炉
Meaning in English: stove
Example: 炉：阿昌语称“夏姆本”，意为铁堆，土质加铁箍，无底，溶铁时置坩锅之上，内盛铁料和木炭，有管通往风箱。
Reference: 71, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
夏姆立阿 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: sam33 mi33 liam55（芒市）
Category: daily use
Meaning in Chinese: 钳
Meaning in English: tongs
Example: 钳：阿昌语称“夏姆立阿”，锻打时夹住器物及从炉中取出器物，有大小两种。
Reference: 71, Achangzu wenhuashi阿昌族文化史, Liu Jiang刘江.
绡迈 (n.)
Word(s) in Achang language: sa31 mai53 （陇川）
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 方头巾，阿昌族女性的标志性头饰
Meaning in English: headscarf
Example: 她的深情的那幅绣花锁边、四角甩着珠子、吊着花朵的方巾“绡迈”
Reference: 4, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
扎尼航 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 新婚女子包高包头的仪式，汉语称作“圆成”
Meaning in English: ceremony in which a newly married woman wraps a tall cloth headwear, also known as "Yuancheng" in Chinese
Example: 姑娘改媳妇的包“包头”仪式叫“圆成”，阿昌语叫“扎尼航”。
Reference: 216, Wubai, Achang funü de toushi gaobaotou“屋摆”——阿昌妇女的头饰“高包头”, Guxiang na gaogao de zhanzaoshu故乡那高高的粘枣树, Cao Xianqiang曹先强
杂妮瓦妮，苗苏嘎；苗苏嘎，杂妮瓦妮苗苏嘎。 (n.)
Category: sentence
Meaning in Chinese: 男女老少快磨刀；快磨刀。男女老少快磨刀。
Meaning in English: Each and every one of you, sharpen your knives; sharpen your knives. Each and every one of you, sharpen your knives.
Example: 于是“活袍”和“稍干”起头唱：
丹嘛俩嘛谷赫呶；谷赫呶，丹嘛俩嘛谷赫呶。
杂妮瓦妮，苗苏嘎；苗苏嘎，杂妮瓦妮苗苏嘎。
Reference: 47, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
早麻玛 (n.)
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 首领
Meaning in English: leader
Example: 由于他们才艺出众，品德高尚，深受族人的爱戴，被同时推举为早麻玛。
Reference: 33, Achang Jingpo liang xiongdi阿昌景颇两兄弟, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
则勒咱 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族传统舞蹈蹬窝乐正式出场前所唱的舞曲，汉语称为“小切”，即小桑山歌
Meaning in English: "Song of the little mulberry", a tune that is sung before the regular performance of the Achang traditional dance known as "Dengwole"
Example: 每当前来候承的人们到达客人住户的大门口，“稍干”必须领着大伙先唱“则勒咱”即“拔套昆”和“拔松昆”，多把它称呼为“小切”。
Reference: 248, Achangzu gewu Dengwole阿昌族歌舞《蹬窝乐》, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Sun Jiashen孙家申.
则默 (n.)
Category: clothes and accessories
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族的衣饰
Meaning in English: Achang clothing decorations
Example: 阿昌族的服饰分衣饰（阿昌语叫“则默”）、裙饰（含围裙，又叫毡裙。花带子又叫独期萨莱，又叫毡裙飘带）、筒裙（又叫姆支。分白夸姆支、素围腰）、包头、绞脚（又叫克投）、绡迈等。
Reference: 21, Taiyang zhi zi太阳之子, Zhonggong Dehong zhouwei xuanchuanbu中共德宏州委宣传部.
扎罗 (n.)
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 小伙子
Meaning in English: young man
Example: “扎尼”、“扎罗”在这里相邀，到来了外寨客人的人家，去和来串寨子的小伙、姑娘对歌、蹬窝罗。
Reference: 198, Guxiang shi Guanzhang故乡是关章, Guxiang na gaogao de zhanzaoshu故乡那高高的粘枣树, Cao Xianqiang曹先强
扎米 (n.)
Category: animal
Meaning in Chinese: 野猪
Meaning in English: wild boar
Example: 野猪称为“扎米”，野猪多的山谷称为“扎米冷”。
Reference: 152, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
扎妮斯脑克 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族青年男女的情歌对唱
Meaning in English: love songs sung by Achang young men and women
Example: “扎妮斯脑克”意为阿昌族青年男女的情歌对唱，这种阿昌青年在家里用歌来吐露心声，表达爱意的独特风俗，据说来自一个古老神奇的传说。
Reference: 78, Zhanisinaoke de qiyuan扎妮斯脑克的起源, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
扎尼拐 (n.)
Category: culture
Meaning in Chinese: 抢婚
Meaning in English: marriage by capture
Example: 而“过挡”定情，“扎尼拐”抢婚，这些风俗，则是绝对在私下秘密进行的。
Reference: 17, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
扎尼 (n.)
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 姑娘
Meaning in English: young girl
Example: 阿昌族还有一种风俗——领婚，阿昌语叫“扎尼拐”，扎尼，阿昌语“姑娘”之意，“拐”，阿昌语，有领或暗示之意。
Reference: 53, Taiyang zhi zi太阳之子, Zhonggong Dehong zhouwei xuanchuanbu中共德宏州委宣传部.
拐 (v.)
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 领，暗示
Meaning in English: hint, suggest
Example: 阿昌族还有一种风俗——领婚，阿昌语叫“扎尼拐”，扎尼，阿昌语“姑娘”之意，“拐”，阿昌语，有领或暗示之意。
Reference: 53, Taiyang zhi zi太阳之子, Zhonggong Dehong zhouwei xuanchuanbu中共德宏州委宣传部.
张俩窟洞 (n.)
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 坍塌的山洼
Meaning in English: collapsed valley
Example: 寨子里茅草房倒塌，土基房断裂，后山倒下来，还埋了几户人家，寨子脚的稻田也变成了张俩窟洞。
Reference: 38, Guanzhang changshui de chuanshuo官璋唱水的传说, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
召勐 (n.)
Category: appellation
Meaning in Chinese: 地方头领
Meaning in English: local leaders
Example: 于是，勐撒侗的召勐把所有居住在勐撒侗的阿昌族老百姓召集到一起商议。
Reference: 35, Achang weishenme zhu husa阿昌为什么住户撒, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
遮米麻 (n.)
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族创世始祖，地母
Meaning in English: the founding mother of the Achang people, also the goddess of land
Example: 这是阿昌族创世神话故事里，始祖“遮帕麻”和“遮米麻”开天辟地，创造人类社会以来，祖祖辈辈传习，世世代代留传，一直传承给阿昌子孙的古老调子。
Reference: 48, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
遮帕麻 (n.)
Category: person
Meaning in Chinese: 阿昌族创世始祖，天公
Meaning in English: the founding father of the Achang people, also the god of heaven
Example: 这是阿昌族创世神话故事里，始祖“遮帕麻”和“遮米麻”开天辟地，创造人类社会以来，祖祖辈辈传习，世世代代留传，一直传承给阿昌子孙的古老调子。
Reference: 47, Wanwan de Shanlu Wanwan de Ge弯弯的山路 弯弯的歌, Xinshiqi Zhongguo shaoshu minzu wenxue wuopin xuanji新时期中国少数民族文学作品选集, Cao Xianqiang曹先强.
志奔 (n.)
Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 水源
Meaning in English: source of water
Example: 由于大自然造化，山间腹地中，天生有99个大小不等的水潭，人们把这些水潭叫做“九十九龙潭”，把这片山岭叫作“志奔山”。
Reference: 99, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
支克朗 (n.)
Category: place
Meaning in Chinese: 对着泉水唱山歌的地方
Meaning in English: a place where people sing folk songs to a natural spring
Example: 就这样，传了一代又一代，人们把这个对着支玛洞唱山歌的地方叫做支克朗，希望这泉水一年比一年好，人们的生活也越来越好。
Reference: 37, Guanzhang changshui de chuanshuo官璋唱水的传说, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
支玛洞 (n.)
Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 出泉水的地方
Meaning in English: wellspring
Example: 就这样，传了一代又一代，人们把这个对着支玛洞唱山歌的地方叫做支克朗，希望这泉水一年比一年好，人们的生活也越来越好。
Reference: 37, Guanzhang changshui de chuanshuo官璋唱水的传说, Achangzu minjian gushi ji阿昌族民间故事集, Cao Rong曹榕.
转撰 (n.)
Category: geography
Meaning in Chinese: 山坳或垭口
Meaning in English: hollow of the mountains
Example: 山凹子或丫口称为“转撰”。
Reference: 151, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.
作涅勤 (n.)
Category: action and activity
Meaning in Chinese: 串姑娘，自由恋爱
Meaning in English: free love
Example: 他们的习俗允许自由恋爱，盛行“作涅勤”即“串姑娘”，但发展到结婚阶段，则必须得到父母的认可。
Reference: 171, Yunlong Achang shihua云龙阿昌史话, Zuo Zhihua左治华 Zuo Qian左骞.